©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
CM DERM WSUPA Exam Questions And
Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass.
What are the layers of epidermis? - Answer✔Stratum Corneum (cornified layer, Horny Cell
Layer)
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum (Prickle Cell Layer) (spiny cell layer)
Stratum Basal (stratum germinativum)
What are the functions of skin? - Answer✔1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Thermoregulation
4) Eliminate Waste Products
5) Vitamin D production
6) Social Interaction
What are the 3 major proteins present in the dermis layer? And which one is the most abundant?
What's the role of the first main ones? - Answer✔collagen, elastin and reticular.
- Collagen is 70% of the dried skin weight. It's nonelastic and is mainly at PAPILLARY layer.
Collagen gives dermis its high tensile strength
- Elastin has wavy fibers interconnected with collagen in the lower dermis and the epidermal
margin. Elastin=> skin remains pliable, and extensible
What are the main roles of subcutaneous layer? - Answer✔1) Insulates the body from the heat
and cold
2) Absorbs the shock
3) Caloric reservoir during illness or starvation
1|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Note: it gets thinner during aging
What is the name of mechanoreceptor cells of epidermis? - Answer✔Merkel's cells which are
usually present at the basal layer (stratum germinativum)
What is Prickly (prickle) Cell Layer? - Answer✔The same as stratum spinosum in epidermis
Which cell layer of skin does accumulate granules containing a precursor of keratin and granules
containing a waterproofing agent. - Answer✔Stratum granulosum
Which cell layer of epidermis is the best place for viruses to reside and cause infection? -
Answer✔Stratum Basal (germinativum) because all of the cells have nuclei and high mitotic rate
what are the functions of cornified layer of skin? - Answer✔cornified layer is another name of
stratum Corneum.
Protects against mechanical abrasion. Prevents pathogen entry. Prevents desiccation (drying out).
What are the four main cell types of epidermis? - Answer✔Keratinocyte
Langerhan's Cells
Melanocytes
Merkel's cells
characteristics of papillary layer of dermis? - Answer✔1) the upper layer of the dermis
2) consists of loose (areolar) connective tissue
3) an arena for immune cells to fight pathogens
4) forms a strong connection with the epidermis
5) lots of blood vessels and blood supply
6) also contains sensory receptors
characteristics of reticular layer of dermis? - Answer✔1) majority part of dermis
2) consists of dense irregular connective tissue
3) fibroblasts
4) collagen, elasin
5) skin appendages
What is adnexa of skin? - Answer✔The adnexa is the area that houses glands, vessels, nerves,
hair, appendages, and nails
roles of sebum? - Answer✔1) softens and lubricates the skin
2) decreases the skin's permeability to water
2|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
3) bactericidal
Where do we have the most and the least number of eccrine glands (sweat glands, sudoriferous
glands)? - Answer✔- The most: palms and soles (opposing to sebaceous glands that are not
present in palms and soles)
- The least: mucous membranens, nail beds, nipples and pats of external genitalia
what glands are A and B in the image of skin? - Answer✔A= Sebaceous Gland
B= Merocrine Gland
Note: Major function of merocrine sweating gland is to cool the body (thermoregulation).
Merocrine sweat is a dilute watery solution of....? - Answer✔- some salts including NaCl
- Vitamin C
- Antibodies
- small amount of nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid..)
- lactic acid
Vascular plexus of skin - Answer✔1- superficial
2- deep
3- subcutaneous
What is hair root plexus? - Answer✔Wrapped around the bulb of the follicle is a network of
sensory nerve endings known as the hair root plexus. Allow the hairs to serve a sensory function.
what is this structure in the skin? - Answer✔Answer: arrector pili muscle
Name the three types of cutaneous afferent receptors: - Answer✔1. free nerve endings
(temperature, itch, and pain)
2. hair nerve endings (touch)
3. encapulated nerve endings (touch, vibration) (The Meissner and Pacini corpuscles)
Meissner and Pacini corpuscle - Answer✔two types of encapsulated nerve endings in dermis.
Meissner is close to dermal papillae and senses light and soft touch
Pacini is located deeper and is onionshape connective tissue around nerve endings. senses deep,
firm touch and vibration on palms, soles and digits.
What are the roles of afferent and efferent cutaneous efferent nervous supplies? -
Answer✔Efferent: controls blood supply and appendages and is derived from the autonomic
nervous system
3|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Afferent: temperature, itch, touch and pain
locate different parts of a nail on the image
nail root
nail plate
proximal nail fold
matrix
nail groove
lunula
eponychium
hyponychium
dorsal and ventral floors - Answer✔Notes:
•Proximal nail fold covers proximal third of the nail plate
•The nail plate results from maturation and keratinization of the nail matrix epithelium and is
firmly attached to the nail bed which partially contributes to its formation
•Eponychium : A thin cuticular fold of stratum corneum from the proximal nail fold overlapping
the matrix. The function of the eponychium is to protect the nail matrix.
•The nail matrix synthesizes the nail plate substance
•lunula: the junction point between the nail matrix and the nail bed
•IMPORTANT: The transverse nail plate originates from 3 separate areas. Dorsal nail plate is
produced by the proximal nail matrix
Intermediate nail plate is produced by the distal nail matrix. Ventral nail plate is produced by the
nail bed
•Thickness of the nail depends on the length of the matrix and nail bed
•Matrix disorders generally cause thinning of nails
•Nail bed disorders generally cause thickening of nails
eponychium and cuticle - Answer✔(sometimes they are considered the same but they are not)
average growth of nail? - Answer✔Mean toenail growth:
Fingernails 3mm per month
Toenails 1mm per month
Note: Nail growth rates vary due to disease, drug use and trauma
4|Page
CM DERM WSUPA Exam Questions And
Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass.
What are the layers of epidermis? - Answer✔Stratum Corneum (cornified layer, Horny Cell
Layer)
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum (Prickle Cell Layer) (spiny cell layer)
Stratum Basal (stratum germinativum)
What are the functions of skin? - Answer✔1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Thermoregulation
4) Eliminate Waste Products
5) Vitamin D production
6) Social Interaction
What are the 3 major proteins present in the dermis layer? And which one is the most abundant?
What's the role of the first main ones? - Answer✔collagen, elastin and reticular.
- Collagen is 70% of the dried skin weight. It's nonelastic and is mainly at PAPILLARY layer.
Collagen gives dermis its high tensile strength
- Elastin has wavy fibers interconnected with collagen in the lower dermis and the epidermal
margin. Elastin=> skin remains pliable, and extensible
What are the main roles of subcutaneous layer? - Answer✔1) Insulates the body from the heat
and cold
2) Absorbs the shock
3) Caloric reservoir during illness or starvation
1|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Note: it gets thinner during aging
What is the name of mechanoreceptor cells of epidermis? - Answer✔Merkel's cells which are
usually present at the basal layer (stratum germinativum)
What is Prickly (prickle) Cell Layer? - Answer✔The same as stratum spinosum in epidermis
Which cell layer of skin does accumulate granules containing a precursor of keratin and granules
containing a waterproofing agent. - Answer✔Stratum granulosum
Which cell layer of epidermis is the best place for viruses to reside and cause infection? -
Answer✔Stratum Basal (germinativum) because all of the cells have nuclei and high mitotic rate
what are the functions of cornified layer of skin? - Answer✔cornified layer is another name of
stratum Corneum.
Protects against mechanical abrasion. Prevents pathogen entry. Prevents desiccation (drying out).
What are the four main cell types of epidermis? - Answer✔Keratinocyte
Langerhan's Cells
Melanocytes
Merkel's cells
characteristics of papillary layer of dermis? - Answer✔1) the upper layer of the dermis
2) consists of loose (areolar) connective tissue
3) an arena for immune cells to fight pathogens
4) forms a strong connection with the epidermis
5) lots of blood vessels and blood supply
6) also contains sensory receptors
characteristics of reticular layer of dermis? - Answer✔1) majority part of dermis
2) consists of dense irregular connective tissue
3) fibroblasts
4) collagen, elasin
5) skin appendages
What is adnexa of skin? - Answer✔The adnexa is the area that houses glands, vessels, nerves,
hair, appendages, and nails
roles of sebum? - Answer✔1) softens and lubricates the skin
2) decreases the skin's permeability to water
2|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
3) bactericidal
Where do we have the most and the least number of eccrine glands (sweat glands, sudoriferous
glands)? - Answer✔- The most: palms and soles (opposing to sebaceous glands that are not
present in palms and soles)
- The least: mucous membranens, nail beds, nipples and pats of external genitalia
what glands are A and B in the image of skin? - Answer✔A= Sebaceous Gland
B= Merocrine Gland
Note: Major function of merocrine sweating gland is to cool the body (thermoregulation).
Merocrine sweat is a dilute watery solution of....? - Answer✔- some salts including NaCl
- Vitamin C
- Antibodies
- small amount of nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid..)
- lactic acid
Vascular plexus of skin - Answer✔1- superficial
2- deep
3- subcutaneous
What is hair root plexus? - Answer✔Wrapped around the bulb of the follicle is a network of
sensory nerve endings known as the hair root plexus. Allow the hairs to serve a sensory function.
what is this structure in the skin? - Answer✔Answer: arrector pili muscle
Name the three types of cutaneous afferent receptors: - Answer✔1. free nerve endings
(temperature, itch, and pain)
2. hair nerve endings (touch)
3. encapulated nerve endings (touch, vibration) (The Meissner and Pacini corpuscles)
Meissner and Pacini corpuscle - Answer✔two types of encapsulated nerve endings in dermis.
Meissner is close to dermal papillae and senses light and soft touch
Pacini is located deeper and is onionshape connective tissue around nerve endings. senses deep,
firm touch and vibration on palms, soles and digits.
What are the roles of afferent and efferent cutaneous efferent nervous supplies? -
Answer✔Efferent: controls blood supply and appendages and is derived from the autonomic
nervous system
3|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Afferent: temperature, itch, touch and pain
locate different parts of a nail on the image
nail root
nail plate
proximal nail fold
matrix
nail groove
lunula
eponychium
hyponychium
dorsal and ventral floors - Answer✔Notes:
•Proximal nail fold covers proximal third of the nail plate
•The nail plate results from maturation and keratinization of the nail matrix epithelium and is
firmly attached to the nail bed which partially contributes to its formation
•Eponychium : A thin cuticular fold of stratum corneum from the proximal nail fold overlapping
the matrix. The function of the eponychium is to protect the nail matrix.
•The nail matrix synthesizes the nail plate substance
•lunula: the junction point between the nail matrix and the nail bed
•IMPORTANT: The transverse nail plate originates from 3 separate areas. Dorsal nail plate is
produced by the proximal nail matrix
Intermediate nail plate is produced by the distal nail matrix. Ventral nail plate is produced by the
nail bed
•Thickness of the nail depends on the length of the matrix and nail bed
•Matrix disorders generally cause thinning of nails
•Nail bed disorders generally cause thickening of nails
eponychium and cuticle - Answer✔(sometimes they are considered the same but they are not)
average growth of nail? - Answer✔Mean toenail growth:
Fingernails 3mm per month
Toenails 1mm per month
Note: Nail growth rates vary due to disease, drug use and trauma
4|Page
