FSOT Exam Study Guide with complete i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
solutions | Latest 2025/2026 Update. i,- i,- i,- i,-
Virginia Ratifying Plan Many delegates met in VA to ratify or
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
reject the Constitution which had been drafted at the Philadelphia
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Convention a year prior i,- i,- i,-
Philadelphia Convention AKA Constitutional Convention AKA i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Federal Convention revision of the Articles of Confederation.
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Ended up creating the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,-
Shay's rebellion Uprising in 1787 that resulted from
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
perceived civil rights and economic injustices. Led to the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
replacement of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the Constitution
i,-
Senate's checks and balance over Executive Power
i,- Senate has i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-
the ability to reject cabinet level nominees. The Senate has the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
sole power to confirm those of the President's appointments that
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
require consent, and to ratify treaties. There are, however, two
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
exceptions to this rule: the House must also approve i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
appointments to the Vice Presidency and any treaty that involves i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
foreign trade. The Senate also tries impeachment cases for
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
federal officials referred to it by the House. The Senate maintains
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,several powers to itself: It ratifies treaties by a two-thirds
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
supermajority vote and confirms the appointments of the i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
President by a majority vote. The consent of the House of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Representatives is also necessary for the ratification of trade i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
agreements and the confirmation of the Vice President i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What were the Stonewall Riots?-
i,- series of spontaneous,
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
violent demonstrations by members of the LGBT community
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, located in the Greenwich
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
They are widely considered to constitute the single most
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- School institutes i,- i,-
drug testing program for athletes
i,- i,- i,- i,-
Scopes Monkey Trial i,-The Scopes Monkey Trial, was an i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
American legal case in 1925 in which a substitute high school
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
state-funded school. i,-
,Virginia Plan Compromise written to favor larger states where
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
representation would be based on population i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
New Jersey Plan
i,- favored a large centralized government
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
where each state would receive equal representation (one vote).
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Great Compromise (Sherman Compromise AKA Connecticut
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Compromise) agreement that large and small states reachedi,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
during the Constitutional Convention regarding representation.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Later led to Article 5 of the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Three-fifths Compromise slaves counted as 3/5 of a person
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
for state population purposes. Consensus was reached during
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise). i,- i,- i,-
Articles of Confederation First Constitution of the U.S., limited
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Central government's power requiring 13 state's approval to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
make decisions/changes. Replaced by the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
John Locke
i,- father of liberalism; political theorist and
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
philosopher; anti-slavery; wrote many books-guides on issues
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
, Article 1 of the Constitution
i,- i,-Legislative powers outline;
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Section 1: House membership; Section 2: selection of members;
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Section 3: selection of senate ; Section 7: all tax bills must
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
originate in the House; Section 8: Congress' powers to collect
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
taxes, to declare war, to maintain a navy, to make all laws
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
necessary. i,-
Section 10: states rights and limited rights
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 2 of the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Executive branch i,-
Article 3 of Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Judicial branch i,-
Article 4 i,- i,-i,- i,- State's rights, no new states within states
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 5 i,- i,-i,- i,- Congress 2/3 votes needed for amendments i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 6 All debts prior to Constitution are valid; Constitution
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
is the Supreme Law; Senators and Reps. must take oath
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 7 9 states' approval needed to enact Constitution.
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Established year 1787 i,- i,-
Bill of Rights
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- First 10 amendments i,- i,-
solutions | Latest 2025/2026 Update. i,- i,- i,- i,-
Virginia Ratifying Plan Many delegates met in VA to ratify or
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
reject the Constitution which had been drafted at the Philadelphia
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Convention a year prior i,- i,- i,-
Philadelphia Convention AKA Constitutional Convention AKA i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Federal Convention revision of the Articles of Confederation.
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Ended up creating the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,-
Shay's rebellion Uprising in 1787 that resulted from
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
perceived civil rights and economic injustices. Led to the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
replacement of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the Constitution
i,-
Senate's checks and balance over Executive Power
i,- Senate has i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-
the ability to reject cabinet level nominees. The Senate has the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
sole power to confirm those of the President's appointments that
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
require consent, and to ratify treaties. There are, however, two
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
exceptions to this rule: the House must also approve i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
appointments to the Vice Presidency and any treaty that involves i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
foreign trade. The Senate also tries impeachment cases for
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
federal officials referred to it by the House. The Senate maintains
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,several powers to itself: It ratifies treaties by a two-thirds
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
supermajority vote and confirms the appointments of the i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
President by a majority vote. The consent of the House of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Representatives is also necessary for the ratification of trade i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
agreements and the confirmation of the Vice President i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What were the Stonewall Riots?-
i,- series of spontaneous,
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
violent demonstrations by members of the LGBT community
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, located in the Greenwich
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
They are widely considered to constitute the single most
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- School institutes i,- i,-
drug testing program for athletes
i,- i,- i,- i,-
Scopes Monkey Trial i,-The Scopes Monkey Trial, was an i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
American legal case in 1925 in which a substitute high school
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
state-funded school. i,-
,Virginia Plan Compromise written to favor larger states where
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
representation would be based on population i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
New Jersey Plan
i,- favored a large centralized government
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
where each state would receive equal representation (one vote).
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Great Compromise (Sherman Compromise AKA Connecticut
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Compromise) agreement that large and small states reachedi,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
during the Constitutional Convention regarding representation.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Later led to Article 5 of the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Three-fifths Compromise slaves counted as 3/5 of a person
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
for state population purposes. Consensus was reached during
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise). i,- i,- i,-
Articles of Confederation First Constitution of the U.S., limited
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Central government's power requiring 13 state's approval to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
make decisions/changes. Replaced by the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
John Locke
i,- father of liberalism; political theorist and
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
philosopher; anti-slavery; wrote many books-guides on issues
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
, Article 1 of the Constitution
i,- i,-Legislative powers outline;
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Section 1: House membership; Section 2: selection of members;
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Section 3: selection of senate ; Section 7: all tax bills must
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
originate in the House; Section 8: Congress' powers to collect
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
taxes, to declare war, to maintain a navy, to make all laws
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
necessary. i,-
Section 10: states rights and limited rights
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 2 of the Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Executive branch i,-
Article 3 of Constitution
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Judicial branch i,-
Article 4 i,- i,-i,- i,- State's rights, no new states within states
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 5 i,- i,-i,- i,- Congress 2/3 votes needed for amendments i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 6 All debts prior to Constitution are valid; Constitution
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
is the Supreme Law; Senators and Reps. must take oath
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Article 7 9 states' approval needed to enact Constitution.
i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Established year 1787 i,- i,-
Bill of Rights
i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- First 10 amendments i,- i,-
