ATI Proctored Pharmacology exam
Detailed Answers and Rationale
Anticholinergic effects - Answer - ✔✔dry mouth
constipation
photophobia
blurred vision
Tachycardia
Fluphenazine (what is it, how does it work) - Answer - ✔✔high potency typical
antipsychotic
Block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the
brain and periphery.
Inhibition of psychotic manifestations, believed to be a result of D2 blockade in the
brain.
A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about strategies to
minimize the anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions
should the nurse suggest for the client? - Answer - ✔✔Chew sugarless gum to moisten
the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and
is experiencing anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would
provide moisture to the client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is
an anticholinergic adverse effect.
Gentamicin - Answer - ✔✔Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic
prescribed to treat serious infections caused by aerobic bacilli
Complications of Gentamicin - Answer - ✔✔Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal
renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this
client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin? - Answer -
✔✔BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
BUN - Answer - ✔✔blood urea nitrogen
, Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin - Answer - ✔✔Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining and
maintaining knowledge about which of the following medication information? - Answer -
✔✔Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to
compare expected outcomes with actual findings
total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Answer - ✔✔nutrient-complete solution given directly
into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth
A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What
information (4 things) should the nurse include in the report? - Answer - ✔✔Time of the
incident
who was notified of the incident
actions taken following the incident
client identification
Adverse effects of oxybutynin - Answer - ✔✔Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
adverse effects of fentanyl patches - Answer - ✔✔Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis? - Answer
- ✔✔Take a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid
use and stool softeners can decrease the severity
Adverse effects of haloperidol - Answer - ✔✔extrapyrimidal symptoms
extrapyramidal symptoms - Answer - ✔✔involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity,
uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
Detailed Answers and Rationale
Anticholinergic effects - Answer - ✔✔dry mouth
constipation
photophobia
blurred vision
Tachycardia
Fluphenazine (what is it, how does it work) - Answer - ✔✔high potency typical
antipsychotic
Block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the
brain and periphery.
Inhibition of psychotic manifestations, believed to be a result of D2 blockade in the
brain.
A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about strategies to
minimize the anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions
should the nurse suggest for the client? - Answer - ✔✔Chew sugarless gum to moisten
the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and
is experiencing anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would
provide moisture to the client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is
an anticholinergic adverse effect.
Gentamicin - Answer - ✔✔Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic
prescribed to treat serious infections caused by aerobic bacilli
Complications of Gentamicin - Answer - ✔✔Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal
renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this
client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin? - Answer -
✔✔BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
BUN - Answer - ✔✔blood urea nitrogen
, Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin - Answer - ✔✔Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining and
maintaining knowledge about which of the following medication information? - Answer -
✔✔Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to
compare expected outcomes with actual findings
total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Answer - ✔✔nutrient-complete solution given directly
into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth
A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What
information (4 things) should the nurse include in the report? - Answer - ✔✔Time of the
incident
who was notified of the incident
actions taken following the incident
client identification
Adverse effects of oxybutynin - Answer - ✔✔Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
adverse effects of fentanyl patches - Answer - ✔✔Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis? - Answer
- ✔✔Take a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid
use and stool softeners can decrease the severity
Adverse effects of haloperidol - Answer - ✔✔extrapyrimidal symptoms
extrapyramidal symptoms - Answer - ✔✔involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity,
uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
