ANT2100 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
social organization - ✔✔- rules and structures that govern relations within a group of
interacting people, Societies are divided into social units (groups) within which are
recognized social positions (statuses), with appropriate behavior patterns prescribed for
these positions (roles).
residential groups - ✔✔appear in the archaeological record as households and villages
nonresidential groups - ✔✔manifested archaeologically through the use of symbols,
ceremonies, mythologies or insignias of membership
political organization - ✔✔- the formal and informal institutions that regulate a society's
collective acts
- control may be at level of residential or nonresidential level
- four broad areas of human social and political behavior: gender, kinship, social status
and trade.
gender role - ✔✔- function
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,- the culturally prescribed behavior associated with men and women; roles can vary
from society to society
- some societies recognize men who live as women or women who live as men as a
third gender
gender ideology - ✔✔- status
- the culturally prescribed values assigned to the task and status of men and women;
values can vary from society to society
berdaches - ✔✔- among Plain Indian societies, men who elected to live life as women;
they were recognized by their group as a third gender
chiefdom - ✔✔- a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized
under a single chief (who is the head of a ranked social hierarchy, inherits position)
- job specializations, agriculture, trade, fishing
- redistribution of resources by chief
- single religion
- social classes
- 10,000+ population, permanent settlements, communal voluntary projects
- unlike autonomous bands and villages, chiefdoms consist of several more or less
permanently aligned communities or settlements
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,state - ✔✔- multiple cities and/or city-states
- leadership can be inherited, warfare, elected
- job specialization, agriculture, trade, market, economy
- social and economic classes
- single/multiple religions
- taxes
- draft for military and/or communal projects
androcentric - ✔✔- a perspective that focuses on what men do in society, to the
exclusion of women
- i.e. hunting weaponry assumed to be always male, plant collecting hear always female
cargo system - ✔✔- part of the social organization found in many Central American
communities in which a wealthy responsible married man is selected to direct the
ceremonial system/bear the cost of important religious ceremonies throughout the year
- the wife takes the title of "mother of" the man's named position
- men and women occupy complementary roles during the feasts of the cargo system
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, kinship system - ✔✔- kinship refers to the socially recognized network of relationships
through which individuals are related to one another by ties of descent (real or
imagined) and marriage
- a kinship blends biological descent with cultural rules that define some people as close
kin and others as distant kin
- kin groupings condition the nature of relationships between individuals
bilateral kinship - ✔✔- a kinship system in which relatives are traced equally on both
the mother's and father's sides
- standard kinship in North America
- you may be closer to your mother or fathers side due to divorce, geography, or
personalities, but neither side of the family is more important than the other
patrilineal descent - ✔✔- a unilineal descent system in which ancestry is traced through
the male line
- most important group is patrilineage (people to whom you are related through the
male line)
- make up about 60% of the world's known societies
- associated with foragers, agricultural and pastoral societies and internal warfare
matrilineal descent - ✔✔- trace their lineage from the mother's family
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
Answers 100% Pass
social organization - ✔✔- rules and structures that govern relations within a group of
interacting people, Societies are divided into social units (groups) within which are
recognized social positions (statuses), with appropriate behavior patterns prescribed for
these positions (roles).
residential groups - ✔✔appear in the archaeological record as households and villages
nonresidential groups - ✔✔manifested archaeologically through the use of symbols,
ceremonies, mythologies or insignias of membership
political organization - ✔✔- the formal and informal institutions that regulate a society's
collective acts
- control may be at level of residential or nonresidential level
- four broad areas of human social and political behavior: gender, kinship, social status
and trade.
gender role - ✔✔- function
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,- the culturally prescribed behavior associated with men and women; roles can vary
from society to society
- some societies recognize men who live as women or women who live as men as a
third gender
gender ideology - ✔✔- status
- the culturally prescribed values assigned to the task and status of men and women;
values can vary from society to society
berdaches - ✔✔- among Plain Indian societies, men who elected to live life as women;
they were recognized by their group as a third gender
chiefdom - ✔✔- a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized
under a single chief (who is the head of a ranked social hierarchy, inherits position)
- job specializations, agriculture, trade, fishing
- redistribution of resources by chief
- single religion
- social classes
- 10,000+ population, permanent settlements, communal voluntary projects
- unlike autonomous bands and villages, chiefdoms consist of several more or less
permanently aligned communities or settlements
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,state - ✔✔- multiple cities and/or city-states
- leadership can be inherited, warfare, elected
- job specialization, agriculture, trade, market, economy
- social and economic classes
- single/multiple religions
- taxes
- draft for military and/or communal projects
androcentric - ✔✔- a perspective that focuses on what men do in society, to the
exclusion of women
- i.e. hunting weaponry assumed to be always male, plant collecting hear always female
cargo system - ✔✔- part of the social organization found in many Central American
communities in which a wealthy responsible married man is selected to direct the
ceremonial system/bear the cost of important religious ceremonies throughout the year
- the wife takes the title of "mother of" the man's named position
- men and women occupy complementary roles during the feasts of the cargo system
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, kinship system - ✔✔- kinship refers to the socially recognized network of relationships
through which individuals are related to one another by ties of descent (real or
imagined) and marriage
- a kinship blends biological descent with cultural rules that define some people as close
kin and others as distant kin
- kin groupings condition the nature of relationships between individuals
bilateral kinship - ✔✔- a kinship system in which relatives are traced equally on both
the mother's and father's sides
- standard kinship in North America
- you may be closer to your mother or fathers side due to divorce, geography, or
personalities, but neither side of the family is more important than the other
patrilineal descent - ✔✔- a unilineal descent system in which ancestry is traced through
the male line
- most important group is patrilineage (people to whom you are related through the
male line)
- make up about 60% of the world's known societies
- associated with foragers, agricultural and pastoral societies and internal warfare
matrilineal descent - ✔✔- trace their lineage from the mother's family
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
