Clinical Imaging 3rd Edition Marchiori Test Bank
Chapter 01: Plain Radiographic Imaging
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Because electron potential energy is greater the farther away a bound electron is from the
nucleus, what results from an outer shell electron falling into an inner shell vacancy?
a. The size of the nucleus increases.
b. The atomic weight of the element increases.
c. The binding energy of the outer shell electron decreases.
d. Electromagnetic energy is released.
e. The nucleus emits a proton.
ANS: D
2. How much energy is released when a K-characteristic x-ray is emitted from a given element?
a. The difference in binding energy between a K-shell electron and an L-shell
electron.
b. Energy equal to the kVp.
c. The sum of the energies of the K-shell electron and the L-shell electron.
d. Energy equal to the potential energy of the K-shell electron.
e. No energy.
ANS: A
3. Select the entire energy range that represents diagnostic x-rays.
a. 70 kilo-electron volts (T
keEVS)TtoB9A0NkKeV
S
b. 40 keV to 125 keV
c. 40 keV to 150 keV
d. 70 keV to 150 keV
e. 125 keV to 300 keV
ANS: C
4. A scattered x-ray is an x-ray that .
a. has changed direction with a resulting increase in frequency and decrease in
wavelength
b. has changed direction with no subsequent change in frequency or wavelength
c. has changed direction with an increase in both frequency and wavelength
d. leaks out of the x-ray tube housing
e. changes direction with a resulting increase in wavelength and decrease in
frequency
ANS: E
5. Select the relationship of wavelength to frequency in an electromagnetic waveform.
a. Directly proportional
b. Inversely proportional
c. No relationship
ANS: B
, 6. Which statement is true of the anode heel effect?
a. The intensity of the x-ray beam is greater on the anode side of the tube.
b. The heel effect is more evident when using the small focal spot.
c. The heel effect is less evident at longer focal film distances.
d. The heel effect is more evident with smaller exposure areas.
e. Filtration minimizes the heel effect.
ANS: C
7. Which of the following is a variable aperture beam-limiting device?
a. Aperture diaphragm
b. Cone
c. Cylinder
d. Collimator
e. None of the above
ANS: D
8. Which one of the following controls the initiation of electron flow from cathode to anode?
a. Rotor switch
b. mA control knob
c. Timer
d. Line voltage compensator
e. Exposure switch
ANS: E
9. Choose the electrical requirements necessary to operate a 300/125 x-ray machine that is
hard-wired into a chiropractic office in the United States.
a. 110 volts; 100 amps; 60 Hz; AC
b. 110 volts; 60 amps; 60 Hz; AC
c. 220 volts; 20 amps; 60 Hz; DC
d. 220 volts; 100 amps; 60 Hz; AC
e. 220 volts; 100 amps; 60 Hz; DC
ANS: D
10. A lateral cervical spine view is taken at a 40-inch FFD using 70 kVp, 100 mAs, and .2 second.
If the FFD were changed to 60 inches, which of the following techniques would produce the
same exposure to the film as the original?
a. 100 mA, .5 second, 70 kVp
b. 300 mA, .15 second, 70 kVp
c. 300 mA, .1 second, 70 kVp
d. 200 mA, .044 second, 70 kVp
e. 100m A, .088 second, 70 kVp
ANS: B
11. According to federal standards, a 90-kVp beam requires which of the following measurements
to be the equivalent of aluminum of total filtration to minimize soft radiation exposure to
patients?
, a. 1.0 mm
b. 1.5 mm
c. 2.0 mm
d. 2.5 mm
e. 3.0 mm
ANS: D
12. Which type of generator will produce the greatest effective tube current when identical
exposure factors are used?
a. Single-phase, half-wave rectified
b. Single-phase, full-wave rectified
c. Three-phase, six-pulse
d. Three-phase, twelve-pulse
e. 100 KHz high frequency
ANS: E
13. What is the function of the high voltage circuit within the x-ray tube?
a. To drive electrons from cathode to anode
b. To select filament size
c. To create a space charge for x-ray production
d. To rectify filament current
e. To activate the rotor
ANS: A
14. Why is rectification of ACTtoES
DTCBim
ApNoKrtS
anEt L
toLtE
heRo.pC
erOatMion of the x-ray tube?
a. To reduce the heel effect
b. To help maintain a small effective focal spot
c. To save on electricity
d. To protect the cathode side of the tube from electron bombardment
e. To reduce the electrical load on the anode
ANS: D
15. The penetration of the x-ray beam is increased under which condition?
a. As kVp is decreased
b. As kVp is increased
c. As mA is decreased
d. As mA is increased
e. As time is increased
ANS: B
16. Which of the following combinations would produce the smallest effective focal spot?
a. Using the large filament with a small anode angle
b. Using the small filament with a small anode angle
c. Using a small filament with a large anode angle
d. Using a large filament with a large anode angle
e. Using a small filament and no focusing cup
, ANS: B
17. Which of the following control console selectors determines focal spot selection?
a. kVp
b. Rotor
c. mA
d. Timer
e. Line voltage compensator
ANS: C
18. Where does controlled thermionic emission physically take place?
a. Anode
b. Focusing cup
c. Rotor
d. Stator
e. Cathode filament
ANS: E
19. Select the advantage automatic exposure control (AEC) has over other methods of
determining x-ray exposure time.
a. Requires less exposure time than other methods to produce the same radiographic
results.
b. Results in less patient dose from soft radiation.
c. Accounts for variations in patient density in determining appropriate exposure
time.
d. Requires no clinical knT oE
wSleT
dgBeAoN
fKthS
eEroLleLoEf R
m.ACaOnM
d kVp.
e. Demonstrates no dramatic advantage over manual methods of determining
exposure time.
ANS: C
20. Which component part is designed specifically to prevent leakage radiation?
a. Tube housing
b. Glass x-ray tube
c. Collimator
d. Added filtration
e. Transformer assembly
ANS: A
21. What would result if a focusing cup were not employed in an x-ray tube?
a. The heel effect would be decreased.
b. Electrical loading of the anode would be increased.
c. Effective focal spot sizes would be considerably larger.
d. X-rays would be impossible to focus.
e. Nothing would change.
ANS: C
22. What advantage does a rotating anode tube have over a stationary anode tube?
, a. The voltage never drops to zero.
b. A rotating anode produces a higher-quality beam.
c. Voltage from the entire sine wave may be used.
d. A rotating anode is capable of a greater electrical load.
e. X-rays are more easily dispersed with a rotating anode.
ANS: D
23. Select the tube functions that are initiated by the rotor switch.
a. Anode rotation; line-voltage compensation
b. Changing AC to DC; x-ray exposure
c. Anode rotation; collimation
d. Filament current; anode rotation
e. Anode rotation; x-ray exposure
ANS: D
24. When screen film is used as the image receptor, which one of the following is true?
a. As speed increases, detail improves.
b. As speed increases, noise (graininess) increases.
c. As noise increases, detail improves.
d. As speed increases, quantum mottle decreases.
e. Speed has no effect on detail.
ANS: B
25. Identify the active ingredient in film emulsion that renders the film sensitive to light.
a. Gelatin
b. Calcium tungstate
c. Barium platinocyanide
d. Silver bromide
e. Lanthanum oxysulfide
ANS: D
26. If 40 mAs are needed to produce an adequate exposure for a given projection using a
200-speed imaging system, how many mAs would be needed if the speed were changed to
800?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 80
d. 120
e. 160
ANS: A
27. Collimating an exposure field to the film size or less has what result on image contrast
compared to no collimation (wide-open field)?
a. An increase
b. A decrease
c. No change
, ANS: A
28. A radiograph demonstrates uneven exposure across the film laterally (side-to-side). What is
the most likely cause of this manifestation?
a. Heel effect
b. Line-focus principle
c. Collimator cutoff
d. Grid cutoff
e. Split screens
ANS: D
29. The primary purpose for using a radiographic grid is to .
a. reduce the amount of scatter radiation generated in the patient
b. increase radiographic contrast
c. reduce patient dose
d. eliminate penumbra
e. reduce air-gap magnification
ANS: B
30. What represents the tube distance whereby x-ray beam divergence is perfectly accommodated
by the grid?
a. Grid radius
b. Grid ratio
c. Focal range
d. Grid cutoff
e. Grid frequency
ANS: A
31. Of the following grid specifications, which one is most significant in determining contrast
improvement?
a. Grid ratio
b. Grid frequency
c. Grid radius
d. Focal range
e. Grid alignment
ANS: A
32. Under which circumstance will using a grid be most effective?
a. When performing all extremity radiography
b. When using less than 70 kVp
c. When the patient part measures greater than 10 cm
d. When using very fast (1200-speed), rare earth-imaging systems
e. When radiographic contrast is not a concern
ANS: C
33. Under which of the following conditions will production of scatter radiation increase?
a. Low kVp, high mAs
Chapter 01: Plain Radiographic Imaging
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Because electron potential energy is greater the farther away a bound electron is from the
nucleus, what results from an outer shell electron falling into an inner shell vacancy?
a. The size of the nucleus increases.
b. The atomic weight of the element increases.
c. The binding energy of the outer shell electron decreases.
d. Electromagnetic energy is released.
e. The nucleus emits a proton.
ANS: D
2. How much energy is released when a K-characteristic x-ray is emitted from a given element?
a. The difference in binding energy between a K-shell electron and an L-shell
electron.
b. Energy equal to the kVp.
c. The sum of the energies of the K-shell electron and the L-shell electron.
d. Energy equal to the potential energy of the K-shell electron.
e. No energy.
ANS: A
3. Select the entire energy range that represents diagnostic x-rays.
a. 70 kilo-electron volts (T
keEVS)TtoB9A0NkKeV
S
b. 40 keV to 125 keV
c. 40 keV to 150 keV
d. 70 keV to 150 keV
e. 125 keV to 300 keV
ANS: C
4. A scattered x-ray is an x-ray that .
a. has changed direction with a resulting increase in frequency and decrease in
wavelength
b. has changed direction with no subsequent change in frequency or wavelength
c. has changed direction with an increase in both frequency and wavelength
d. leaks out of the x-ray tube housing
e. changes direction with a resulting increase in wavelength and decrease in
frequency
ANS: E
5. Select the relationship of wavelength to frequency in an electromagnetic waveform.
a. Directly proportional
b. Inversely proportional
c. No relationship
ANS: B
, 6. Which statement is true of the anode heel effect?
a. The intensity of the x-ray beam is greater on the anode side of the tube.
b. The heel effect is more evident when using the small focal spot.
c. The heel effect is less evident at longer focal film distances.
d. The heel effect is more evident with smaller exposure areas.
e. Filtration minimizes the heel effect.
ANS: C
7. Which of the following is a variable aperture beam-limiting device?
a. Aperture diaphragm
b. Cone
c. Cylinder
d. Collimator
e. None of the above
ANS: D
8. Which one of the following controls the initiation of electron flow from cathode to anode?
a. Rotor switch
b. mA control knob
c. Timer
d. Line voltage compensator
e. Exposure switch
ANS: E
9. Choose the electrical requirements necessary to operate a 300/125 x-ray machine that is
hard-wired into a chiropractic office in the United States.
a. 110 volts; 100 amps; 60 Hz; AC
b. 110 volts; 60 amps; 60 Hz; AC
c. 220 volts; 20 amps; 60 Hz; DC
d. 220 volts; 100 amps; 60 Hz; AC
e. 220 volts; 100 amps; 60 Hz; DC
ANS: D
10. A lateral cervical spine view is taken at a 40-inch FFD using 70 kVp, 100 mAs, and .2 second.
If the FFD were changed to 60 inches, which of the following techniques would produce the
same exposure to the film as the original?
a. 100 mA, .5 second, 70 kVp
b. 300 mA, .15 second, 70 kVp
c. 300 mA, .1 second, 70 kVp
d. 200 mA, .044 second, 70 kVp
e. 100m A, .088 second, 70 kVp
ANS: B
11. According to federal standards, a 90-kVp beam requires which of the following measurements
to be the equivalent of aluminum of total filtration to minimize soft radiation exposure to
patients?
, a. 1.0 mm
b. 1.5 mm
c. 2.0 mm
d. 2.5 mm
e. 3.0 mm
ANS: D
12. Which type of generator will produce the greatest effective tube current when identical
exposure factors are used?
a. Single-phase, half-wave rectified
b. Single-phase, full-wave rectified
c. Three-phase, six-pulse
d. Three-phase, twelve-pulse
e. 100 KHz high frequency
ANS: E
13. What is the function of the high voltage circuit within the x-ray tube?
a. To drive electrons from cathode to anode
b. To select filament size
c. To create a space charge for x-ray production
d. To rectify filament current
e. To activate the rotor
ANS: A
14. Why is rectification of ACTtoES
DTCBim
ApNoKrtS
anEt L
toLtE
heRo.pC
erOatMion of the x-ray tube?
a. To reduce the heel effect
b. To help maintain a small effective focal spot
c. To save on electricity
d. To protect the cathode side of the tube from electron bombardment
e. To reduce the electrical load on the anode
ANS: D
15. The penetration of the x-ray beam is increased under which condition?
a. As kVp is decreased
b. As kVp is increased
c. As mA is decreased
d. As mA is increased
e. As time is increased
ANS: B
16. Which of the following combinations would produce the smallest effective focal spot?
a. Using the large filament with a small anode angle
b. Using the small filament with a small anode angle
c. Using a small filament with a large anode angle
d. Using a large filament with a large anode angle
e. Using a small filament and no focusing cup
, ANS: B
17. Which of the following control console selectors determines focal spot selection?
a. kVp
b. Rotor
c. mA
d. Timer
e. Line voltage compensator
ANS: C
18. Where does controlled thermionic emission physically take place?
a. Anode
b. Focusing cup
c. Rotor
d. Stator
e. Cathode filament
ANS: E
19. Select the advantage automatic exposure control (AEC) has over other methods of
determining x-ray exposure time.
a. Requires less exposure time than other methods to produce the same radiographic
results.
b. Results in less patient dose from soft radiation.
c. Accounts for variations in patient density in determining appropriate exposure
time.
d. Requires no clinical knT oE
wSleT
dgBeAoN
fKthS
eEroLleLoEf R
m.ACaOnM
d kVp.
e. Demonstrates no dramatic advantage over manual methods of determining
exposure time.
ANS: C
20. Which component part is designed specifically to prevent leakage radiation?
a. Tube housing
b. Glass x-ray tube
c. Collimator
d. Added filtration
e. Transformer assembly
ANS: A
21. What would result if a focusing cup were not employed in an x-ray tube?
a. The heel effect would be decreased.
b. Electrical loading of the anode would be increased.
c. Effective focal spot sizes would be considerably larger.
d. X-rays would be impossible to focus.
e. Nothing would change.
ANS: C
22. What advantage does a rotating anode tube have over a stationary anode tube?
, a. The voltage never drops to zero.
b. A rotating anode produces a higher-quality beam.
c. Voltage from the entire sine wave may be used.
d. A rotating anode is capable of a greater electrical load.
e. X-rays are more easily dispersed with a rotating anode.
ANS: D
23. Select the tube functions that are initiated by the rotor switch.
a. Anode rotation; line-voltage compensation
b. Changing AC to DC; x-ray exposure
c. Anode rotation; collimation
d. Filament current; anode rotation
e. Anode rotation; x-ray exposure
ANS: D
24. When screen film is used as the image receptor, which one of the following is true?
a. As speed increases, detail improves.
b. As speed increases, noise (graininess) increases.
c. As noise increases, detail improves.
d. As speed increases, quantum mottle decreases.
e. Speed has no effect on detail.
ANS: B
25. Identify the active ingredient in film emulsion that renders the film sensitive to light.
a. Gelatin
b. Calcium tungstate
c. Barium platinocyanide
d. Silver bromide
e. Lanthanum oxysulfide
ANS: D
26. If 40 mAs are needed to produce an adequate exposure for a given projection using a
200-speed imaging system, how many mAs would be needed if the speed were changed to
800?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 80
d. 120
e. 160
ANS: A
27. Collimating an exposure field to the film size or less has what result on image contrast
compared to no collimation (wide-open field)?
a. An increase
b. A decrease
c. No change
, ANS: A
28. A radiograph demonstrates uneven exposure across the film laterally (side-to-side). What is
the most likely cause of this manifestation?
a. Heel effect
b. Line-focus principle
c. Collimator cutoff
d. Grid cutoff
e. Split screens
ANS: D
29. The primary purpose for using a radiographic grid is to .
a. reduce the amount of scatter radiation generated in the patient
b. increase radiographic contrast
c. reduce patient dose
d. eliminate penumbra
e. reduce air-gap magnification
ANS: B
30. What represents the tube distance whereby x-ray beam divergence is perfectly accommodated
by the grid?
a. Grid radius
b. Grid ratio
c. Focal range
d. Grid cutoff
e. Grid frequency
ANS: A
31. Of the following grid specifications, which one is most significant in determining contrast
improvement?
a. Grid ratio
b. Grid frequency
c. Grid radius
d. Focal range
e. Grid alignment
ANS: A
32. Under which circumstance will using a grid be most effective?
a. When performing all extremity radiography
b. When using less than 70 kVp
c. When the patient part measures greater than 10 cm
d. When using very fast (1200-speed), rare earth-imaging systems
e. When radiographic contrast is not a concern
ANS: C
33. Under which of the following conditions will production of scatter radiation increase?
a. Low kVp, high mAs
