©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NRS 232 Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions And Answers (Guaranteed A+)
What term should you use when talking with professional colleagues to describe a change from
squamous to columnar epithelium in the esophageal lining due to chronic acid reflux?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Dysplasia - Answer✔D. Metaplasia
When a cell is injured from lack of oxygen
A. it dies, so interventions are futile.
B. it will recover only if cell swelling does not occur.
C. it may recover if oxygen is restored before the injury is irreversible.
D. it first swells and then atrophies. - Answer✔C. it may recover if oxygen is restored before the
injury is irreversible.
Hyperplasia is beneficial in that it
A. Hyperplasia is not beneficial.
B. causes cells to become larger and stronger.
C. replaces injured cells by a different, more adaptive type of cells.
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D. allows increased function in response to increased demand. - Answer✔D. allows increased
function in response to increased demand.
The nurse manager on your unit asks you to find a current article that explains what happens in
the esophagus if people have chronic reflux of gastric acid. Which of the following should you
include in your search terms in a professional literature database?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
E. Regeneration - Answer✔C. Metaplasia
You were in the hospital room with the entire Berg family when Mrs. Berg died. She died
quietly, from terminal cancer. As the family is preparing to leave, Kevin Berg, age 10, says to his
mother, "I don't think grandma is really dead. She's just sleeping. Dead people are stiff as boards.
I saw that on TV. Grandma's hands are cold, but her arms aren't stiff." His mother looks at you
for help. In addition to addressing the emotional issues, what factual information should you
provide?
A. Stiff muscles after death don't happen until bacteria start to decompose the body.
B. Stiff muscles after death are called rigor mortis.
C. After death the muscles get stiff when they run out of ATP.
D. After death the muscles are relaxed at first and then they get stiff after several hours -
Answer✔D. After death the muscles are relaxed at first and then they get stiff after several hours
You are reviewing pathology reports for four people who are in your care today. Which one of
these people will need teaching regarding periodic screening for cancer development?
A. Mr. P. who has prostatic hyperplasia
B. Mr. E. who has some esophageal dysplasia
C. Mrs. V. who has ventricular hypertrophy
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D. Mrs. A. who has adrenal cortical atrophy - Answer✔B. Mr. E. who has some esophageal
dysplasia
Mr. V. has left ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following should you be sure to do?
A. Teach him to replace emesis with salty fluids.
B. Assess his level of consciousness.
C. Measure his blood pressure.
D. Explain about telomeres. - Answer✔C. Measure his blood pressure.
You are preparing a poster on cell aging for an educational poster day at your home health
agency. Which of the following terms should you use when illustrating the concept that cells
have a limited number of divisions?
A. Telomere
B. Caspase
C. Autolysis
D. Fibrosis - Answer✔A. Telomere
Mary, age 12, is scheduled to have the cast removed from her broken arm this afternoon. As
anticipatory teaching, you explain to her that her arm will probably will look different when the
cast is removed. It probably will be:
A. shrunken, due to muscle atrophy from lack of use.
B. enlarged, due to muscle hypertrophy from increased hormonal stimulation.
C. discolored, due to redness from inflammation.
D. swollen, due to edema from extracellular fluid volume excess. - Answer✔A. shrunken, due to
muscle atrophy from lack of use.
"My doctor said the left side of my heart is enlarged because I have had high blood pressure for
so long," says Mr. Greeley. "Explain to me how that could happen." The best response is "High
blood pressure:
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NRS 232 Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions And Answers (Guaranteed A+)
What term should you use when talking with professional colleagues to describe a change from
squamous to columnar epithelium in the esophageal lining due to chronic acid reflux?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Dysplasia - Answer✔D. Metaplasia
When a cell is injured from lack of oxygen
A. it dies, so interventions are futile.
B. it will recover only if cell swelling does not occur.
C. it may recover if oxygen is restored before the injury is irreversible.
D. it first swells and then atrophies. - Answer✔C. it may recover if oxygen is restored before the
injury is irreversible.
Hyperplasia is beneficial in that it
A. Hyperplasia is not beneficial.
B. causes cells to become larger and stronger.
C. replaces injured cells by a different, more adaptive type of cells.
1|Page
, ©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
D. allows increased function in response to increased demand. - Answer✔D. allows increased
function in response to increased demand.
The nurse manager on your unit asks you to find a current article that explains what happens in
the esophagus if people have chronic reflux of gastric acid. Which of the following should you
include in your search terms in a professional literature database?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
E. Regeneration - Answer✔C. Metaplasia
You were in the hospital room with the entire Berg family when Mrs. Berg died. She died
quietly, from terminal cancer. As the family is preparing to leave, Kevin Berg, age 10, says to his
mother, "I don't think grandma is really dead. She's just sleeping. Dead people are stiff as boards.
I saw that on TV. Grandma's hands are cold, but her arms aren't stiff." His mother looks at you
for help. In addition to addressing the emotional issues, what factual information should you
provide?
A. Stiff muscles after death don't happen until bacteria start to decompose the body.
B. Stiff muscles after death are called rigor mortis.
C. After death the muscles get stiff when they run out of ATP.
D. After death the muscles are relaxed at first and then they get stiff after several hours -
Answer✔D. After death the muscles are relaxed at first and then they get stiff after several hours
You are reviewing pathology reports for four people who are in your care today. Which one of
these people will need teaching regarding periodic screening for cancer development?
A. Mr. P. who has prostatic hyperplasia
B. Mr. E. who has some esophageal dysplasia
C. Mrs. V. who has ventricular hypertrophy
2|Page
, ©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
D. Mrs. A. who has adrenal cortical atrophy - Answer✔B. Mr. E. who has some esophageal
dysplasia
Mr. V. has left ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following should you be sure to do?
A. Teach him to replace emesis with salty fluids.
B. Assess his level of consciousness.
C. Measure his blood pressure.
D. Explain about telomeres. - Answer✔C. Measure his blood pressure.
You are preparing a poster on cell aging for an educational poster day at your home health
agency. Which of the following terms should you use when illustrating the concept that cells
have a limited number of divisions?
A. Telomere
B. Caspase
C. Autolysis
D. Fibrosis - Answer✔A. Telomere
Mary, age 12, is scheduled to have the cast removed from her broken arm this afternoon. As
anticipatory teaching, you explain to her that her arm will probably will look different when the
cast is removed. It probably will be:
A. shrunken, due to muscle atrophy from lack of use.
B. enlarged, due to muscle hypertrophy from increased hormonal stimulation.
C. discolored, due to redness from inflammation.
D. swollen, due to edema from extracellular fluid volume excess. - Answer✔A. shrunken, due to
muscle atrophy from lack of use.
"My doctor said the left side of my heart is enlarged because I have had high blood pressure for
so long," says Mr. Greeley. "Explain to me how that could happen." The best response is "High
blood pressure:
3|Page
