OSAT Early Childhood Education- PRACTICE TEST
2025
Authoritative - AnswerHigh responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives a lot of positive feedback and explanation and has high expectations
/.Authoritation - AnswerLow responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives little positive feedback or explanation and/or a lot of negative feedback or
explanation and has high expectations
/.Indulgent (permissive-by-choice) - AnswerHigh responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives a lot of feedback, combination of positive and negative; doesn't always hold the
child to what they say such as with discipline
gives the child what they need except limits
/.Unengaged (permissive-by-default) - AnswerLow responsiveness, Low
demandingness
Gives little to no feedback or explanation and does not have high expectations of child
/.How to be authoritative? - Answermodel self-control
clearly communicate developmentally appropriate expectations
give specific information to children on how something should be done
recognize and encourage children when they do what you want them to do
/.What is responsiveness? - AnswerHow warm a person is and how he/she
communicates and gives explanations of child
/.What is demanding? - AnswerHow effectively and positively a person makes
expectations clear to children and how the child is monitored while doing it
/.John Dewey - Answerchildren have four primary interests
1. desire to invesitage and discover things
2. need to communicate
3. joy in construction
4. artistic expression
/.What is assimilation? - Answertaking in new information and connecting it with prior
knowledge
/.What is accommodation? - AnswerTaking in new information and changing prior
knowledge to better fit new information
, /.Jean Piaget - AnswerAssimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor stage; Preoperational Stage; Concrete Operations Stage; Formal
Operations Stage
/.Sensorimotor Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
birth-2 years
reflexes, needs, inately curious
/.Pre-operational Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
2 years - 7 years
use symbols to represent experiences and mental pictures; dont think logically; look at
appearance not logic behind it; cannot reverse things (no conservation)
/.Concrete Operations Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
7 years - 11 years
Can look at more than just the appearance (conservation)
Reverse operations in head
Think more logically but limited to concrete objects
/.Formal Operations Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
11 years +
apply logic to abstract ideas
problem solve more efficiently
think of more than one way to solve something
/.Perspective Taking - AnswerLevel 0 - 3-6 - egocentric
Level 1 - 6-8 - believes someone will respond the same way they would in a situation
Level 2 - 8-10 - can take another's perspective, sees self from others' perspective, not
everyone reaches this level
Level 3 - 10-12 - more sophisticated way of taking another's perspective, aware of
different perspectives such as "Mom thinks I think she wants me to."; not everyone
reaches this level
Level 4 - Adolescence and Adulthood - very sophisticated in perspective-taking ability,
believes different perspectives form a network; conceptualized society's viewpoints on
legal and moral issues; not everybody reaches this level
/.Lev Vygotsky - AnswerScaffolding; ZPD; Dialogue vs Discourse
/.What is scaffolding? - Answerbuilding ideas on top of one another slowly while taking
away help little by little
/.ZPD - AnswerI do, you watch
I do, you help
You do, I help
You do, I watch
2025
Authoritative - AnswerHigh responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives a lot of positive feedback and explanation and has high expectations
/.Authoritation - AnswerLow responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives little positive feedback or explanation and/or a lot of negative feedback or
explanation and has high expectations
/.Indulgent (permissive-by-choice) - AnswerHigh responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives a lot of feedback, combination of positive and negative; doesn't always hold the
child to what they say such as with discipline
gives the child what they need except limits
/.Unengaged (permissive-by-default) - AnswerLow responsiveness, Low
demandingness
Gives little to no feedback or explanation and does not have high expectations of child
/.How to be authoritative? - Answermodel self-control
clearly communicate developmentally appropriate expectations
give specific information to children on how something should be done
recognize and encourage children when they do what you want them to do
/.What is responsiveness? - AnswerHow warm a person is and how he/she
communicates and gives explanations of child
/.What is demanding? - AnswerHow effectively and positively a person makes
expectations clear to children and how the child is monitored while doing it
/.John Dewey - Answerchildren have four primary interests
1. desire to invesitage and discover things
2. need to communicate
3. joy in construction
4. artistic expression
/.What is assimilation? - Answertaking in new information and connecting it with prior
knowledge
/.What is accommodation? - AnswerTaking in new information and changing prior
knowledge to better fit new information
, /.Jean Piaget - AnswerAssimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor stage; Preoperational Stage; Concrete Operations Stage; Formal
Operations Stage
/.Sensorimotor Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
birth-2 years
reflexes, needs, inately curious
/.Pre-operational Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
2 years - 7 years
use symbols to represent experiences and mental pictures; dont think logically; look at
appearance not logic behind it; cannot reverse things (no conservation)
/.Concrete Operations Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
7 years - 11 years
Can look at more than just the appearance (conservation)
Reverse operations in head
Think more logically but limited to concrete objects
/.Formal Operations Stage - AnswerJean Piaget
11 years +
apply logic to abstract ideas
problem solve more efficiently
think of more than one way to solve something
/.Perspective Taking - AnswerLevel 0 - 3-6 - egocentric
Level 1 - 6-8 - believes someone will respond the same way they would in a situation
Level 2 - 8-10 - can take another's perspective, sees self from others' perspective, not
everyone reaches this level
Level 3 - 10-12 - more sophisticated way of taking another's perspective, aware of
different perspectives such as "Mom thinks I think she wants me to."; not everyone
reaches this level
Level 4 - Adolescence and Adulthood - very sophisticated in perspective-taking ability,
believes different perspectives form a network; conceptualized society's viewpoints on
legal and moral issues; not everybody reaches this level
/.Lev Vygotsky - AnswerScaffolding; ZPD; Dialogue vs Discourse
/.What is scaffolding? - Answerbuilding ideas on top of one another slowly while taking
away help little by little
/.ZPD - AnswerI do, you watch
I do, you help
You do, I help
You do, I watch
