APSC 151 Final Question and answers
correctly solved
Ore - correct answer ✔Metallic minerals that can be mined at a profit, rock
containing metal
Types of ore - correct answer ✔Metallic and nonmetallic resources
Natural aggregate - correct answer ✔Crushed stone, sand, and gravel
Aggregate comes from... - correct answer ✔Glacial outwash deposits in
Canada
Aggregate used... - correct answer ✔To make concrete and asphalt
Stone used... - correct answer ✔For facings, walkways, and countertops
Other ore resources - correct answer ✔Diamond, gold, copper, zinc, potash,
coal, uranium
Mineral exploration engineering - correct answer ✔Research, geophysics,
field mapping, exploration drilling, geochemical sampling, structural modelling,
3D orebody estimation, confirmation drilling
Exploration geophysics - correct answer ✔Using seismics, electrical
methods, electromagnetism, radiation, radar, micro-gravity, and 3D
visualization
,Geochemistry - correct answer ✔Looking for indicator minerals in soil and
rock and using elemental isotopes to examine history
Reserve modelling - correct answer ✔Integrates regional geology, drilling
data, geochemistry, geophysics to estimate total viable reserve
Amount of core to get to feasibility stage - correct answer ✔75-150 km
Types of deposits - correct answer ✔Magmatic, porphyry, volcanic,
hydrothermal, sedimentary, placer
Magmatic deposits - correct answer ✔Some metals enriched and
concentrated during magma cooling, heavy minerals crystallize early and
concentrate at bottom of magma chamber (e.g. chromite, iron, magnetite)
Porphyry orebodies - correct answer ✔Magmatic and hydrothermal (hot
water) - form as liquid and gas volatiles change chemical state and change
saturation limit for sulphide minerals
Copper porphyry - correct answer ✔Cyclical magmatic intrusion with
alteration by volcanic waters
Volcanic deposits - correct answer ✔Violent kimberlite eruptions bringing
diamonds from upper mantle to surface
Epithermal volcanic deposits - correct answer ✔Near surface deposits
precipitated from hot volcanic waters
, What causes different ore types? - correct answer ✔Interaction with
temperature, pressure, volatile gases, and solution as magma rises
Hydrothermal deposits associated with igneous activity - correct answer
✔Hot groundwater dissolves metals in the presence of salts and hydrothermal
fluids move along fractures, cool, and deposit them as orebodies
Black smokers - type of hydrothermal deposit - correct answer ✔Seawater
gushes from seafloor near spreading centres and precipitates volcanogenic
massive sulphide deposits - deformed by tectonics
Vein deposit - type of hydrothermal deposit - correct answer ✔Hydrothermal
fluids move along fractures, cool, and precipitate metallic ions
Disseminated deposit - type of hydrothermal deposit - correct answer
✔Precipitation distributed throughout the rock body
Sudbury Astrobleme - correct answer ✔10-15 km wide asteroid impact
orebody - impacted rocks contained lots of sulphides which extracted Ni, Cu,
and Pt elements
Sedimentary deposits - correct answer ✔During development of Earth's
atmosphere, oxygen reacted with iron dissolved in seawater and caused it to
precipitate on seafloor
Placer deposits - correct answer ✔Any deposit that accumulates in loose
form due to sedimentation or where ore has been eroded from one primary
source to be further concentrated and redeposited elsewhere
correctly solved
Ore - correct answer ✔Metallic minerals that can be mined at a profit, rock
containing metal
Types of ore - correct answer ✔Metallic and nonmetallic resources
Natural aggregate - correct answer ✔Crushed stone, sand, and gravel
Aggregate comes from... - correct answer ✔Glacial outwash deposits in
Canada
Aggregate used... - correct answer ✔To make concrete and asphalt
Stone used... - correct answer ✔For facings, walkways, and countertops
Other ore resources - correct answer ✔Diamond, gold, copper, zinc, potash,
coal, uranium
Mineral exploration engineering - correct answer ✔Research, geophysics,
field mapping, exploration drilling, geochemical sampling, structural modelling,
3D orebody estimation, confirmation drilling
Exploration geophysics - correct answer ✔Using seismics, electrical
methods, electromagnetism, radiation, radar, micro-gravity, and 3D
visualization
,Geochemistry - correct answer ✔Looking for indicator minerals in soil and
rock and using elemental isotopes to examine history
Reserve modelling - correct answer ✔Integrates regional geology, drilling
data, geochemistry, geophysics to estimate total viable reserve
Amount of core to get to feasibility stage - correct answer ✔75-150 km
Types of deposits - correct answer ✔Magmatic, porphyry, volcanic,
hydrothermal, sedimentary, placer
Magmatic deposits - correct answer ✔Some metals enriched and
concentrated during magma cooling, heavy minerals crystallize early and
concentrate at bottom of magma chamber (e.g. chromite, iron, magnetite)
Porphyry orebodies - correct answer ✔Magmatic and hydrothermal (hot
water) - form as liquid and gas volatiles change chemical state and change
saturation limit for sulphide minerals
Copper porphyry - correct answer ✔Cyclical magmatic intrusion with
alteration by volcanic waters
Volcanic deposits - correct answer ✔Violent kimberlite eruptions bringing
diamonds from upper mantle to surface
Epithermal volcanic deposits - correct answer ✔Near surface deposits
precipitated from hot volcanic waters
, What causes different ore types? - correct answer ✔Interaction with
temperature, pressure, volatile gases, and solution as magma rises
Hydrothermal deposits associated with igneous activity - correct answer
✔Hot groundwater dissolves metals in the presence of salts and hydrothermal
fluids move along fractures, cool, and deposit them as orebodies
Black smokers - type of hydrothermal deposit - correct answer ✔Seawater
gushes from seafloor near spreading centres and precipitates volcanogenic
massive sulphide deposits - deformed by tectonics
Vein deposit - type of hydrothermal deposit - correct answer ✔Hydrothermal
fluids move along fractures, cool, and precipitate metallic ions
Disseminated deposit - type of hydrothermal deposit - correct answer
✔Precipitation distributed throughout the rock body
Sudbury Astrobleme - correct answer ✔10-15 km wide asteroid impact
orebody - impacted rocks contained lots of sulphides which extracted Ni, Cu,
and Pt elements
Sedimentary deposits - correct answer ✔During development of Earth's
atmosphere, oxygen reacted with iron dissolved in seawater and caused it to
precipitate on seafloor
Placer deposits - correct answer ✔Any deposit that accumulates in loose
form due to sedimentation or where ore has been eroded from one primary
source to be further concentrated and redeposited elsewhere
