NURS 5315- Test 3 Study Guide Questions and Answers
Graded 2025
Right atrium pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-No definition
anything over 8 mmHg
Right ventricle systolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-Pressure at
the peak of systole
anything over 28 mmHg
Right ventricle end diastolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-
Pressure at the end of diastolic, right before systole
anything over 9 mmHg
Left atrium pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-No definition
anything over 12 mmHg
Left ventricle systolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-Pressure at
the peak of systole
anything over 140 mmHg
Left ventricle end diastolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-
Pressure at the end of diastole, right before systole
anything over 12 mmHg
Endocardium - Correct Ans-Innnermost layer of the heart which comes in contact with
the blood
Made of simple squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue
Myocardium - Correct Ans-This is the middle layer of the heart
Contains myocytes-which are responsible for heart contraction
Pericardium - Correct Ans-The outermost layer of the heart
Made up of two layers
Fibrous Pericardium - Correct Ans-Made of connective tissue and provides the heart
with stability by connecting to the sternum anteriorly and the diaphragm inferiorly
Serous pericardium - Correct Ans-This has two layers that consist of the epicardium and
the parietal layer
Epicardium - Correct Ans-this is the visceral layer of the heart and it lays directly over
the heart and contains the coronary arteries
, Parietal layer - Correct Ans-Layer of the heart above the epicardium and underneath the
fibrous pericardium
Left ventricle - Correct Ans--This ventricle is the larger of the two because its workload
is greater
-This ventricle pumps blood to the entire body and has a much higher afterload to push
against
-This makes the pressure in this side of the heart greater than the other side
Right ventricle - Correct Ans--This ventricle only pumps blood into the lungs
-The pressure in this side of the heart is lower than the other side
Umbilical vein - Correct Ans-This receives oxygenated blood from the placenta
It connects to the hepatic circulation but also connects to the inferior vena cava by the
ductus venosus
Ductus venosus - Correct Ans-This allows the oxygen-rich blood to enter the vena cava
and some blood does enter the hepatic circulation
Foramen Ovale - Correct Ans-This is an opening between the right and left atria
This is where the most oxygenated blood in the right atrium is shunted through here into
the left atrium
One cardiac cycle - Correct Ans-This consist of one full contraction and relaxation
Atrial kick - Correct Ans-When left ventricular relaxation and the left atrium contracts to
push blood into the left ventricle... it is called...
It increases the amount of blood put into the left ventricle and represents about 20% of
the cardiac output
Cardiac output - Correct Ans--The amount of blood pushed from the left ventricle in 1
minute
-Calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume
Normal cardiac output - Correct Ans-5L/minute
Stroke volume - Correct Ans--The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle for each
cardiac cycle (heart beat)
-Highly dependent on the force of the contraction
Contraction - Correct Ans-This is dependent on the amount of preload which stretches
the left ventricle, the stimulation of endogenous positive inotropic agent (epi and norepi),
the presence of negative inotropic agents (meds and cytokines), and the adequacy
myocardial oxygenation
Graded 2025
Right atrium pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-No definition
anything over 8 mmHg
Right ventricle systolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-Pressure at
the peak of systole
anything over 28 mmHg
Right ventricle end diastolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-
Pressure at the end of diastolic, right before systole
anything over 9 mmHg
Left atrium pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-No definition
anything over 12 mmHg
Left ventricle systolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-Pressure at
the peak of systole
anything over 140 mmHg
Left ventricle end diastolic pressure (& what is considered high)? - Correct Ans-
Pressure at the end of diastole, right before systole
anything over 12 mmHg
Endocardium - Correct Ans-Innnermost layer of the heart which comes in contact with
the blood
Made of simple squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue
Myocardium - Correct Ans-This is the middle layer of the heart
Contains myocytes-which are responsible for heart contraction
Pericardium - Correct Ans-The outermost layer of the heart
Made up of two layers
Fibrous Pericardium - Correct Ans-Made of connective tissue and provides the heart
with stability by connecting to the sternum anteriorly and the diaphragm inferiorly
Serous pericardium - Correct Ans-This has two layers that consist of the epicardium and
the parietal layer
Epicardium - Correct Ans-this is the visceral layer of the heart and it lays directly over
the heart and contains the coronary arteries
, Parietal layer - Correct Ans-Layer of the heart above the epicardium and underneath the
fibrous pericardium
Left ventricle - Correct Ans--This ventricle is the larger of the two because its workload
is greater
-This ventricle pumps blood to the entire body and has a much higher afterload to push
against
-This makes the pressure in this side of the heart greater than the other side
Right ventricle - Correct Ans--This ventricle only pumps blood into the lungs
-The pressure in this side of the heart is lower than the other side
Umbilical vein - Correct Ans-This receives oxygenated blood from the placenta
It connects to the hepatic circulation but also connects to the inferior vena cava by the
ductus venosus
Ductus venosus - Correct Ans-This allows the oxygen-rich blood to enter the vena cava
and some blood does enter the hepatic circulation
Foramen Ovale - Correct Ans-This is an opening between the right and left atria
This is where the most oxygenated blood in the right atrium is shunted through here into
the left atrium
One cardiac cycle - Correct Ans-This consist of one full contraction and relaxation
Atrial kick - Correct Ans-When left ventricular relaxation and the left atrium contracts to
push blood into the left ventricle... it is called...
It increases the amount of blood put into the left ventricle and represents about 20% of
the cardiac output
Cardiac output - Correct Ans--The amount of blood pushed from the left ventricle in 1
minute
-Calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume
Normal cardiac output - Correct Ans-5L/minute
Stroke volume - Correct Ans--The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle for each
cardiac cycle (heart beat)
-Highly dependent on the force of the contraction
Contraction - Correct Ans-This is dependent on the amount of preload which stretches
the left ventricle, the stimulation of endogenous positive inotropic agent (epi and norepi),
the presence of negative inotropic agents (meds and cytokines), and the adequacy
myocardial oxygenation
