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cognitive process - ✔✔-apply new info to other settings & draw conclusions
-higher mental processes, such as perception, memory, language, problem solving, and
abstract thinking
constructivism - ✔✔construct knowledge from experiences.
problem-based learning & inquiries
discovery learning
scaffolds - supports
Jerome Bruner - ✔✔3 modes of representing cognitive development
- inactive stage (0 - 1yrs)
- iconic stage (1 - 6)
mental pictures
- symbolic stage (7+)
learning via language Spiral curriculum
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,Albert Bandura - ✔✔social learning theory
learning = cognition, behaviour & environment
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
Environment
John Dewey - ✔✔learning = scientific inquiry & experiments
hands on learning
real world problems
Jean Piaget - ✔✔Four stage theory of cognitive development
Sensorimotor 0-2 objects
Preoperational 2-7 symbolic play
Concrete Operational 7-11 thinking logically, inferences
Formal Operational 11+ abstract thinking and transfer
assimilation & accomodation
LevVygotsky - ✔✔culture & social influences determine learning
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, Zone of Proximal Development ZPD
Lawrence Kohlberg - ✔✔moral development.
level 1: preconventional - obedience & punishment
level 2: conventional - interpersonal relationships
level 3: post conventional - social contract, individual rights, universal principles
Benjamine Bloom - ✔✔Blooms Taxonomy
Blooms Taxonomy - ✔✔emotions & attitudes
promote higher level thinking
digging deeper with application & synthesis of new materials/info
classical conditioning - ✔✔reflex responses
operant conditioning - ✔✔rewards and punishments
Metacognition - ✔✔"Thinking about thinking"
schema - ✔✔a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
transfer - ✔✔apply to make inferences
self-efficacy - ✔✔An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
self-regulation - ✔✔control emotional response
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