2025 Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam Questions and Answers
(ALL ANSWERS 100 % CORRECT)
active transport - RIGHT ANSWER -know how this process relates to the
concentration gradient and that it requires additional energy.
Away from the body surface is what direction? - RIGHT ANSWER -Deep
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the
body, is what direction? - RIGHT ANSWER -Inferior
Between a more medial and more lateral structure is what orientation? -
RIGHT ANSWER -Intermediate
Closing of a joint is which action? - RIGHT ANSWER -Flexion
Define elevation and depression - RIGHT ANSWER -
Elevation: upward movement of a structure
Depression: Downward movement of a structure
Define retraction and protraction: - RIGHT ANSWER -
Protraction: movement in the anterior direction (forward)
Retraction: movement in the posterior direction (backward)
, Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production. - RIGHT
ANSWER -Eukaryotic cells require mitochondria to convert the chemical
energy found in food (glucose) into ATP. This process is called aerobic
respiration. During cellular respiration oxygen is required to break down
food. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP are produced.
endocytosis - RIGHT ANSWER -understand the three types of
endocytosis (also in the figure). Know how to describe which types of
molecules use this method.
Endospores - RIGHT ANSWER -dormant, extremely durable cell produced
by the bacteria clostridium botulinum which can lead to botulism.
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - RIGHT ANSWER
-Epethelial cells special in tasks such as secretion and absorption. The
cells are under constant division to replace dead cells that shed away.
eukaryotic cells/prokaryotic cells - RIGHT ANSWER -
recognize the main differences
1. size (eukaryotic are larger)
2. organelles (no nucleus in prokaryotes)
3. membranes (no membrane bound organelles in prokaryotes)
Excretion involves what systems? - RIGHT ANSWER -Digestive,
Respiratory, Urinary
(ALL ANSWERS 100 % CORRECT)
active transport - RIGHT ANSWER -know how this process relates to the
concentration gradient and that it requires additional energy.
Away from the body surface is what direction? - RIGHT ANSWER -Deep
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the
body, is what direction? - RIGHT ANSWER -Inferior
Between a more medial and more lateral structure is what orientation? -
RIGHT ANSWER -Intermediate
Closing of a joint is which action? - RIGHT ANSWER -Flexion
Define elevation and depression - RIGHT ANSWER -
Elevation: upward movement of a structure
Depression: Downward movement of a structure
Define retraction and protraction: - RIGHT ANSWER -
Protraction: movement in the anterior direction (forward)
Retraction: movement in the posterior direction (backward)
, Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production. - RIGHT
ANSWER -Eukaryotic cells require mitochondria to convert the chemical
energy found in food (glucose) into ATP. This process is called aerobic
respiration. During cellular respiration oxygen is required to break down
food. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP are produced.
endocytosis - RIGHT ANSWER -understand the three types of
endocytosis (also in the figure). Know how to describe which types of
molecules use this method.
Endospores - RIGHT ANSWER -dormant, extremely durable cell produced
by the bacteria clostridium botulinum which can lead to botulism.
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - RIGHT ANSWER
-Epethelial cells special in tasks such as secretion and absorption. The
cells are under constant division to replace dead cells that shed away.
eukaryotic cells/prokaryotic cells - RIGHT ANSWER -
recognize the main differences
1. size (eukaryotic are larger)
2. organelles (no nucleus in prokaryotes)
3. membranes (no membrane bound organelles in prokaryotes)
Excretion involves what systems? - RIGHT ANSWER -Digestive,
Respiratory, Urinary
