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Motivation the psychological processes that underlie the direction, intensity, and
persistence of behavior or thought
P=AxMxO Performance equal ability times motivation times opportunity
Need Based theory of motivation People are motivated by the desire to fulfill unmet needs
Job Design-related motivation focuses on design of job having implications for improved
satisfaction, motivation and performance and reduced absenteeism, turnover, etc
The different types of job design approaches -Job enlargement
-job enrichment
-Job rotation
-Job crafting
-Job simplification
-Job characteristics model
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Job Characteristics model Core Job characteristics -> Critical Psychological States ->
Outcomes
Equity Theory a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that
they are being treated fairly
Outputs over inputs
Expectancy Theory It proposes that people are motivated by their conscious expectations
of what will happen if they do certain things, and are more productive when they believe their
expectations will be realized.
SMART Goals -Specific
-Measurable
-Attainable
-Relevant
-Timeliness
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Job Satisfaction An affective or emotional response to ones job
Compensation The rewards, usually monetary in nature that reinforce behavior,
organizational membership, performance and retention
Merit Pay links an individual's salary or wage increase directly to measures of
performance accomplishment
Incentive Pay variable pay as primary or secondly income source
Can be supplemental income (commissions) or sole source of income
ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) employee ownership plans that give employers
certain tax and financial advantages when stock is granted to employees