IGNATAVICIUS MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
ANS: B w
A T-score from a bone density scan at or lower than -2.5 indicates osteoporosis. The nurse would plan to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
teach about medications used to treat this disease, such as the bisphosphonates. A food diary is helpful to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
determine if the client gets adequate calcium and vitamin D, but at this point, dietary changes will not
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
prevent the disease. Simply scheduling another scan will not help treat the disease either. - correct answer A
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
client has a bone density score of -2.8. What intervention would the nurse anticipate based on this
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
assessment?
a. Asking the client to complete a food diary
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b. Planning to teach about bisphosphonates
w w w w w
c. Scheduling another scan in 2 years
w w w w w w
d. Scheduling another scan in 6 months
w w w w w w
ANS: C w
Anyone who has osteoporosis is at risk for fragility fractures even if he or she does not experience trauma like
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a fall. The client needs to keep active rather than stay in bed where more bone could be lost. High-calcium
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
foods may not be helpful because bone loss is already severe. There is no indication that the client needs
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
assistance with ADLs. - correct answer The nurse teaches assistive personnel (AP) about care of an older adult
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
diagnosed with osteoporosis. What teaching would the nurse include?
w w w w w w w w
a. "Teach the client to eat high-calcium foods in the diet."
w w w w w w w w w w
b. "Assist the client with activities of daily living."
w w w w w w w w
,c. "Osteoporosis places the client is at risk for fractures."
w w w w w w w w w
d. "The client should stay in bed to prevent falling."
w w w w w w w w w
ANS: A w
Fear of falling can limit participation in activity. The nurse would first assess if the client has this fear and then
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
offer suggestions for dealing with it. The client may or may not need extra calcium, other exercises, or weight
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
lifting. - correct answer A client has been advised to perform weight-bearing exercises to help slow bone loss,
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
but has not followed this advice. What response by the nurse is appropriate at this time?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Ask the client about fear of falling.
w w w w w w w
b. Instruct the client to increase calcium.
w w w w w w
c. Suggest other exercises the client can do.
w w w w w w w
d. Tell the client to try weight lifting.
w w w w w w w
ANS: D w
Clients on bisphosphonates must be able to sit upright for 30 to 60 minutes after taking them. The client who
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
cannot tolerate sitting up is not a good candidate for this class of drug. Poor renal function also makes clients
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
poor candidates for this drug, but the client with a creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL (61 mcmol/L) is within normal
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
range. Diabetes and hypertension are not related unless the client also has renal disease. The client who
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
recently fell and sustained fractures is a good candidate for this drug if the fractures are related to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
osteoporosis. - correct answer The nurse is caring for several clients with osteoporosis. For which client w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
would bisphosphonates not be a good option?
w w w w w w
a. Client with diabetes who has a serum creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL (61 mcmol/L).
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
b. Client who recently fell and has vertebral compression fractures.
w w w w w w w w w
c. Hypertensive client who takes calcium channel blockers.
w w w w w w w
d. Client with a spinal cord injury who cannot tolerate sitting up.
w w w w w w w w w w w
ANS: B w
Denosumab is given by subcutaneous injection twice a year. The client does not need to drink 8 ounces (240
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
mL) of water with this medication as it is not taken orally. The client does not need to remain upright for 30 to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
60 minutes after taking this medication, nor does the client need to take the drug on an empty stomach. -
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
correct answer A client has been prescribed denosumab. What health teaching about this drug is most
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
appropriate for the nurse to include? w w w w w
a. "Drink at least 8 ounces (240 mL) of water with it."
w w w w w w w w w w w
, b. "Make appointments to come get your injection."
w w w w w w w
c. "Sit upright for 30 to 60 minutes after taking it."
w w w w w w w w w w
d. "Take the drug on an empty stomach."
w w w w w w w
ANS: C w
The most common assessment finding is the client's report of severe pain in the arch of the foot, especially
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
when walking. The other findings are not typical in clients with this health problem. - correct answer The
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
nurse is performing an assessment of a client with possible plantar fasciitis in the right foot. What assessment
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
finding would the nurse expect in the right foot?
w w w w w w w w
a. Multiple toe deformities
w w w
b. Numbness and paresthesias
w w w
c. Severe pain in the arch of the foot
w w w w w w w w
d. Redness and severe swelling
w w w w
ANS: D w
Rheumatoid arthritis often occurs in young female adults and can lead to osteoporosis as a common
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
complication. Cushing disease (rather than Addison disease) and hyperthyroidism (rather than w w w w w w w w w w w
hypothyroidism) are also risk factors. Osteoarthritis is a joint disease. - correct answer The nurse is caring for w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a young client who has been diagnosed with osteopenia. Which risk factor in the client's history most likely
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
contributed to the bone loss? w w w w
a. Osteoarthritis
w
b. Hypothyroidism
w
c. Addison disease
w w
d. Rheumatoid arthritis
w w
ANS: C w
In the presence of a heavily draining wound, the nurse would place the client on Contact Precautions. If the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
client has discomfort, acetaminophen can be used, but this client has not reported pain and is afebrile. The
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
client may or may not need an amputation in the future. The wound care nurse may be consulted but not as
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
the most appropriate action. - correct answer An older client with diabetes is admitted with a heavily draining
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
leg wound. The client's white blood cell count is 38,000/mm3 (38 x 10^9/L) but the client is afebrile. Which
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
nursing action is most appropriate at this time?
w w w w w w w
a. Administer acetaminophen as needed.
w w w w
NURSING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
ANS: B w
A T-score from a bone density scan at or lower than -2.5 indicates osteoporosis. The nurse would plan to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
teach about medications used to treat this disease, such as the bisphosphonates. A food diary is helpful to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
determine if the client gets adequate calcium and vitamin D, but at this point, dietary changes will not
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
prevent the disease. Simply scheduling another scan will not help treat the disease either. - correct answer A
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
client has a bone density score of -2.8. What intervention would the nurse anticipate based on this
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
assessment?
a. Asking the client to complete a food diary
w w w w w w w w
b. Planning to teach about bisphosphonates
w w w w w
c. Scheduling another scan in 2 years
w w w w w w
d. Scheduling another scan in 6 months
w w w w w w
ANS: C w
Anyone who has osteoporosis is at risk for fragility fractures even if he or she does not experience trauma like
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a fall. The client needs to keep active rather than stay in bed where more bone could be lost. High-calcium
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
foods may not be helpful because bone loss is already severe. There is no indication that the client needs
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
assistance with ADLs. - correct answer The nurse teaches assistive personnel (AP) about care of an older adult
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
diagnosed with osteoporosis. What teaching would the nurse include?
w w w w w w w w
a. "Teach the client to eat high-calcium foods in the diet."
w w w w w w w w w w
b. "Assist the client with activities of daily living."
w w w w w w w w
,c. "Osteoporosis places the client is at risk for fractures."
w w w w w w w w w
d. "The client should stay in bed to prevent falling."
w w w w w w w w w
ANS: A w
Fear of falling can limit participation in activity. The nurse would first assess if the client has this fear and then
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
offer suggestions for dealing with it. The client may or may not need extra calcium, other exercises, or weight
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
lifting. - correct answer A client has been advised to perform weight-bearing exercises to help slow bone loss,
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
but has not followed this advice. What response by the nurse is appropriate at this time?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Ask the client about fear of falling.
w w w w w w w
b. Instruct the client to increase calcium.
w w w w w w
c. Suggest other exercises the client can do.
w w w w w w w
d. Tell the client to try weight lifting.
w w w w w w w
ANS: D w
Clients on bisphosphonates must be able to sit upright for 30 to 60 minutes after taking them. The client who
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
cannot tolerate sitting up is not a good candidate for this class of drug. Poor renal function also makes clients
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
poor candidates for this drug, but the client with a creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL (61 mcmol/L) is within normal
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
range. Diabetes and hypertension are not related unless the client also has renal disease. The client who
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
recently fell and sustained fractures is a good candidate for this drug if the fractures are related to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
osteoporosis. - correct answer The nurse is caring for several clients with osteoporosis. For which client w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
would bisphosphonates not be a good option?
w w w w w w
a. Client with diabetes who has a serum creatinine of 0.8 mg/dL (61 mcmol/L).
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
b. Client who recently fell and has vertebral compression fractures.
w w w w w w w w w
c. Hypertensive client who takes calcium channel blockers.
w w w w w w w
d. Client with a spinal cord injury who cannot tolerate sitting up.
w w w w w w w w w w w
ANS: B w
Denosumab is given by subcutaneous injection twice a year. The client does not need to drink 8 ounces (240
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
mL) of water with this medication as it is not taken orally. The client does not need to remain upright for 30 to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
60 minutes after taking this medication, nor does the client need to take the drug on an empty stomach. -
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
correct answer A client has been prescribed denosumab. What health teaching about this drug is most
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
appropriate for the nurse to include? w w w w w
a. "Drink at least 8 ounces (240 mL) of water with it."
w w w w w w w w w w w
, b. "Make appointments to come get your injection."
w w w w w w w
c. "Sit upright for 30 to 60 minutes after taking it."
w w w w w w w w w w
d. "Take the drug on an empty stomach."
w w w w w w w
ANS: C w
The most common assessment finding is the client's report of severe pain in the arch of the foot, especially
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
when walking. The other findings are not typical in clients with this health problem. - correct answer The
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
nurse is performing an assessment of a client with possible plantar fasciitis in the right foot. What assessment
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
finding would the nurse expect in the right foot?
w w w w w w w w
a. Multiple toe deformities
w w w
b. Numbness and paresthesias
w w w
c. Severe pain in the arch of the foot
w w w w w w w w
d. Redness and severe swelling
w w w w
ANS: D w
Rheumatoid arthritis often occurs in young female adults and can lead to osteoporosis as a common
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
complication. Cushing disease (rather than Addison disease) and hyperthyroidism (rather than w w w w w w w w w w w
hypothyroidism) are also risk factors. Osteoarthritis is a joint disease. - correct answer The nurse is caring for w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a young client who has been diagnosed with osteopenia. Which risk factor in the client's history most likely
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
contributed to the bone loss? w w w w
a. Osteoarthritis
w
b. Hypothyroidism
w
c. Addison disease
w w
d. Rheumatoid arthritis
w w
ANS: C w
In the presence of a heavily draining wound, the nurse would place the client on Contact Precautions. If the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
client has discomfort, acetaminophen can be used, but this client has not reported pain and is afebrile. The
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
client may or may not need an amputation in the future. The wound care nurse may be consulted but not as
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
the most appropriate action. - correct answer An older client with diabetes is admitted with a heavily draining
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
leg wound. The client's white blood cell count is 38,000/mm3 (38 x 10^9/L) but the client is afebrile. Which
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
nursing action is most appropriate at this time?
w w w w w w w
a. Administer acetaminophen as needed.
w w w w
