Care of the Patient with a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder- Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Rated A+ (Already Passed)

Care of the Patient with a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder- Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Rated A+ (Already Passed) Characteristics of blood - Answers *Consistency* 45% blood cells 55% blood plasma *pH* 7.35 to 7.45 *Volume* 10 to 12 pints Reference range: Hg/HCT WBCs RBCs Critical level of platelettes What is Rhogan? Why is it given? When? - Answers Due 5/7/15 pg 264 Red blood cells (RBCs) - Answers aka Erythrocytes Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide White blood cells (WBCs) - Answers Aka Leukocytes Body defenses: destruction of bacteria and viruses Thrombocytes (platelets) - Answers Initiate blood clotting Hemostasis - Answers A body process that arrests the flow of blood and prevents hemorrhage Evoked by: Injury Hemorrhage Grouping platelets Thromboplastin released converts prothrombin to thrombin that links with fibrinogen Formation of fibrin At the wound site traps RBCs and platelets and forms clot Blood types (groups) - Answers *Determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the outer surface of the RBC* Type A Type B Type AB (Universal *recipient*) Type O (Universal *donor*) Rh factor - Answers *Rh antibodies may be located on the surface of the RBC* Rh positive: Antibodies are present Rh negative: Antibodies are not present Lymphatic system Functions - Answers Maintenance of fluid balance Production of lymphocytes Absorption and transportation of lipids from the intestine to the bloodstream Lymphatic system - Answers *Lymph and lymph vessels* Lymph is a specialized fluid formed in the tissue spaces transported by way of the lymphatic vessels and reenters the circulatory system *Lymphatic tissue* Lymph nodes Act as filters, keeping particulate matter such as bacteria from entering bloodstream *Tonsils* Produce lymphocytes and antibodies: trap bacteria *Spleen* Reservoir for blood; forms lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma; destroys worn-out RBCs; removes bacteria by phagocytosis *Thymus* Apprx weighs 1 oz. Immune system before and a few months after birth; atrophies at puberty through early adulthood Anemia - Answers Disorder characterized by RBC and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels below normal range Causes delivery of insufficient amounts of oxygen to tissues and cells *Anemia* Etiology/pathophysiology Types - Answers Blood loss Impaired production of RBCs Increased destruction of RBCs Nutritional deficiencies Clinical manifestations of Anemia - Answers Anorexia Dyspepsia Cardiac dilation Disorientation Shortness of breath Dyspnea Fatigue Headache Insomnia Pallor Palpitation Systolic murmur Tachycardia Vertigo Medical management of Anemia - Answers Depends on the cause Correction of the disease process may correct or lessen the anemic condition Treatment is often specific to the particular anemia Hypovolemic anemia - Answers Abnormally low circulating blood volume due to blood loss 500-mL loss can be tolerated 1,000-mL loss can cause severe complications Severity and signs and symptoms depend on how rapid the blood is lost Clinical manifestation of hypovolemic anemia - Answers Weakness Stupor; irritability Pale, cool, moist skin Hypotension