Btec Applied Science Unit One Biology
test guide questions and answers
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ANS cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? - ANS protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS Synthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - ANS Modified and packaged proteins
into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? - ANS Digests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? - ANS Form into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? - ANS photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? - ANS The membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? - ANS Maintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - ANS To allow materials to pass
through the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? - ANS Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - ANS Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells - ANS Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells - ANS Are unicellular organisms
, Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ANS Eukaryotic
has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles
while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? - ANS
Crystal violet and safranin
Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - ANS Gram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear
safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - ANS Across one to penetrate the egg,
tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? - ANS Hormones to attract the speed, zona
pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? - ANS Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? - ANS Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM - ANS TEM produces images of thin slices of material
whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to
the light microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works - ANS Light microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works - ANS They use a beam of electrons in
a vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - ANS Positive - can
observe living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - ANS Positive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation - ANS magnification = image size/actual size
test guide questions and answers
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ANS cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? - ANS protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS Synthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - ANS Modified and packaged proteins
into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? - ANS Digests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? - ANS Form into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? - ANS photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? - ANS The membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? - ANS Maintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - ANS To allow materials to pass
through the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? - ANS Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - ANS Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells - ANS Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells - ANS Are unicellular organisms
, Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ANS Eukaryotic
has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles
while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? - ANS
Crystal violet and safranin
Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - ANS Gram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear
safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - ANS Across one to penetrate the egg,
tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? - ANS Hormones to attract the speed, zona
pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? - ANS Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? - ANS Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM - ANS TEM produces images of thin slices of material
whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to
the light microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works - ANS Light microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works - ANS They use a beam of electrons in
a vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - ANS Positive - can
observe living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - ANS Positive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation - ANS magnification = image size/actual size
