Adult Health NR-325 Exam 1 Questions
and Answers Graded A 2025
What is the range of normal blood sugar? - Correct Ans-70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? - Correct Ans-to regulate blood glucose
levels on a consistent basis
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? - Correct Ans-Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? - Correct Ans-because your body is trying to get rid of
the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? - Correct Ans-because your body thinks its
dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? - Correct Ans-polyphagia means super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into the
cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body think that it
needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? - Correct
Ans--kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of the
cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing DKA?
Then what would you do? - Correct Ans-First give fluids (isotonic- NS 0.9%NaCl)
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing DKA?
why? - Correct Ans-they compensate via their respiratory system (deep, rapid
respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in metabolic acidosis.
*This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
Adult Health NR-325
, What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? - Correct Ans-It is used in diabetes and it
decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin therapy? - Correct Ans-lifestyle changes
What makes insulin? - Correct Ans-beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? - Correct Ans-honeymoon period lasts 3-12 months after
diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is needed
because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? - Correct Ans-They stand for beta cell decline,
meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being produced and then
the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of diabetes? -
Correct Ans-Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled
diabetes
What does A1C measure? - Correct Ans-amount of glucose on hemoglobin in the blood
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-diabetic? -
Correct Ans-140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled
diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? - Correct Ans-100-125 mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2 Hr
GTT for someone with Type II DM? - Correct Ans-A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? - Correct Ans-it tricks the brain because our body
cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes weight gain
Alcohol blocks ____________________________ - Correct Ans-Gluconeogenesis
causing low plasma glucose levels
When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? - Correct Ans-Air into cloudy
Air into clear
Draw up clear
Draw up cloudy
Adult Health NR-325
and Answers Graded A 2025
What is the range of normal blood sugar? - Correct Ans-70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? - Correct Ans-to regulate blood glucose
levels on a consistent basis
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? - Correct Ans-Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? - Correct Ans-because your body is trying to get rid of
the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? - Correct Ans-because your body thinks its
dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? - Correct Ans-polyphagia means super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into the
cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body think that it
needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? - Correct
Ans--kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of the
cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing DKA?
Then what would you do? - Correct Ans-First give fluids (isotonic- NS 0.9%NaCl)
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing DKA?
why? - Correct Ans-they compensate via their respiratory system (deep, rapid
respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are in metabolic acidosis.
*This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
Adult Health NR-325
, What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? - Correct Ans-It is used in diabetes and it
decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin therapy? - Correct Ans-lifestyle changes
What makes insulin? - Correct Ans-beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? - Correct Ans-honeymoon period lasts 3-12 months after
diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is needed
because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? - Correct Ans-They stand for beta cell decline,
meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being produced and then
the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of diabetes? -
Correct Ans-Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled
diabetes
What does A1C measure? - Correct Ans-amount of glucose on hemoglobin in the blood
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-diabetic? -
Correct Ans-140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled
diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? - Correct Ans-100-125 mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and 2 Hr
GTT for someone with Type II DM? - Correct Ans-A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? - Correct Ans-it tricks the brain because our body
cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes weight gain
Alcohol blocks ____________________________ - Correct Ans-Gluconeogenesis
causing low plasma glucose levels
When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? - Correct Ans-Air into cloudy
Air into clear
Draw up clear
Draw up cloudy
Adult Health NR-325
