CLINICAL PHAMACOLOGY STUDY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FOR 2025. GRADE A+
QUESTION: What is the definition of clinical pharmacology? - ANSWER-A discipline spanning the
spectrum of drug delivery, drug development, drug utilization, and drug regulation
QUESTION: What are the words for the following blanks?
Clinical Pharmacology is aimed at advancing therapeutics in humans with mechanistic understanding of
drug actions _____ and drug disposition _____ - ANSWER-pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
QUESTION: What is the definition of translational sciences? - ANSWER-Knowledge acquired in animal or
in silico models of disease, ex-vivo studies in human tissues, or in vivo studies in healthy or diseased
humans is translated into effective treatment for patients
QUESTION: What is the starting dose of Phase I trial? - ANSWER-one tenth of LD50 for cancer or
phytotoxins
QUESTION: What are the professional goals of clinical pharmacologists? - ANSWER-Discover, develop
and evaluate new medicines, regulate their use
,Optimize the use of existing medicines, find new indications
Define the basis for variability in therapeutic and toxic responses to medicines
QUESTION: What is the measurement to see whether some toxicities can be managed and may be
acceptable? - ANSWER-risk/benefit ratio
QUESTION: What is the characteristic of Risk/Benefit ratio? - ANSWER-It is contextual, which tells you it
is depending on the drug and disease that we intend to treat
For example, it is not the same to consider potentially serious toxicity for a drug intended to treat HYT,
which is a medical condition that needs lifelong therapy, compared to treatment of cancer, a disease that
is potentially lethal over the short term, and that requires very intense treatment with combination of
drugs that have very significant toxicity
QUESTION: _____ is a condition or brings up situations, if you will, where an underlying genetic variant
may predispose individuals to severe toxicity to drugs - ANSWER-Genetics
QUESTION: What is the name of genetic variant and the name of antiviral drug?
Individuals that carry _____ variant are at very high risk of _____ hypersensitivity. This drug is used in
the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS, and prior to instituting treatment with the drug, every pt is
first tested for this variant, _____, and alternatives must be found if the patient have the variant -
ANSWER-HLA-B*5701 and abacavir
,QUESTION: What is the name drug that causes the-drug-induced liver disease (DILI) and the name of
variant associated with this DILI? - ANSWER-Flucoxacillin and HLA-B *5701
QUESTION: What is the name of genetic variant and the name of drug?
_____ may predispose to severe _____-induced, a serious cutaneous ADR that actually can be fatal -
ANSWER-HLA-B*1502 and Carbamazepine
QUESTION: What is the name of drug-induced disease associated with HLA-B*1502? - ANSWER-Stevens-
Johnson syndrome
QUESTION: What is the name of disease exemplified as unacceptable drug toxicity that induces an
abnormal, life-threatening episode/ADR of the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that you might be
able to see in ECG record - ANSWER-Torsades de Pointes
QUESTION: What is the name of drug that was historically the first non-sedating antihistamine under
the brand name of Seldane, but subsequently withdrawn from the market due to the risk of drug-
induced arrhythmias? - ANSWER-Terfenadine
QUESTION: What are the words in the blanks?
, _____ is carboxylic metabolite of _____ which is a non-sedating antihistamine under the brandname of
Allegra but does not have the risk of a drug-induced arrhythmia. Recently it is also called _____ -
ANSWER-Terfenadine Carboxylate, Terfenadine, and Fexofenadine
QUESTION: What would we learn from the examples of Terfenadine and its carboxylic metabolite? -
ANSWER-It brings us to consider and remember the importance of studying drug metabolism and
assessing whether metabolites are also pharmacologically active or are otherwise inactive ones, whether
transformation has taken place
QUESTION: What is the name of drug that was not allowed to enter the US market after approved in the
US due to some severe toxicity to unborn children expressed by prenatal drug exposure: an epidemic
worldwide of phocomelia, children born with severe defects in terms of their limbs - ANSWER-
Thalidomide
QUESTION: What is the starting step in development and evaluation of new drugs? - ANSWER-Drug
discovery
QUESTION: What is the step that animal testing of candidate drugs and evaluation to demonstrate
safety in humans and whether or not the drug is effective in a given clinical condition while conducted in
development and evaluation of new drugs? - ANSWER-Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation
QUESTION: What is the step in which, once the drug enters the market, experts continue to evaluate for
the possibility of rare ADRs that were not discovered in the pre-approval stage, and also performing
studies in special populations like geriatric and pediatric populations? - ANSWER-Post-marketing studies
CORRECT ANSWERS FOR 2025. GRADE A+
QUESTION: What is the definition of clinical pharmacology? - ANSWER-A discipline spanning the
spectrum of drug delivery, drug development, drug utilization, and drug regulation
QUESTION: What are the words for the following blanks?
Clinical Pharmacology is aimed at advancing therapeutics in humans with mechanistic understanding of
drug actions _____ and drug disposition _____ - ANSWER-pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
QUESTION: What is the definition of translational sciences? - ANSWER-Knowledge acquired in animal or
in silico models of disease, ex-vivo studies in human tissues, or in vivo studies in healthy or diseased
humans is translated into effective treatment for patients
QUESTION: What is the starting dose of Phase I trial? - ANSWER-one tenth of LD50 for cancer or
phytotoxins
QUESTION: What are the professional goals of clinical pharmacologists? - ANSWER-Discover, develop
and evaluate new medicines, regulate their use
,Optimize the use of existing medicines, find new indications
Define the basis for variability in therapeutic and toxic responses to medicines
QUESTION: What is the measurement to see whether some toxicities can be managed and may be
acceptable? - ANSWER-risk/benefit ratio
QUESTION: What is the characteristic of Risk/Benefit ratio? - ANSWER-It is contextual, which tells you it
is depending on the drug and disease that we intend to treat
For example, it is not the same to consider potentially serious toxicity for a drug intended to treat HYT,
which is a medical condition that needs lifelong therapy, compared to treatment of cancer, a disease that
is potentially lethal over the short term, and that requires very intense treatment with combination of
drugs that have very significant toxicity
QUESTION: _____ is a condition or brings up situations, if you will, where an underlying genetic variant
may predispose individuals to severe toxicity to drugs - ANSWER-Genetics
QUESTION: What is the name of genetic variant and the name of antiviral drug?
Individuals that carry _____ variant are at very high risk of _____ hypersensitivity. This drug is used in
the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS, and prior to instituting treatment with the drug, every pt is
first tested for this variant, _____, and alternatives must be found if the patient have the variant -
ANSWER-HLA-B*5701 and abacavir
,QUESTION: What is the name drug that causes the-drug-induced liver disease (DILI) and the name of
variant associated with this DILI? - ANSWER-Flucoxacillin and HLA-B *5701
QUESTION: What is the name of genetic variant and the name of drug?
_____ may predispose to severe _____-induced, a serious cutaneous ADR that actually can be fatal -
ANSWER-HLA-B*1502 and Carbamazepine
QUESTION: What is the name of drug-induced disease associated with HLA-B*1502? - ANSWER-Stevens-
Johnson syndrome
QUESTION: What is the name of disease exemplified as unacceptable drug toxicity that induces an
abnormal, life-threatening episode/ADR of the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that you might be
able to see in ECG record - ANSWER-Torsades de Pointes
QUESTION: What is the name of drug that was historically the first non-sedating antihistamine under
the brand name of Seldane, but subsequently withdrawn from the market due to the risk of drug-
induced arrhythmias? - ANSWER-Terfenadine
QUESTION: What are the words in the blanks?
, _____ is carboxylic metabolite of _____ which is a non-sedating antihistamine under the brandname of
Allegra but does not have the risk of a drug-induced arrhythmia. Recently it is also called _____ -
ANSWER-Terfenadine Carboxylate, Terfenadine, and Fexofenadine
QUESTION: What would we learn from the examples of Terfenadine and its carboxylic metabolite? -
ANSWER-It brings us to consider and remember the importance of studying drug metabolism and
assessing whether metabolites are also pharmacologically active or are otherwise inactive ones, whether
transformation has taken place
QUESTION: What is the name of drug that was not allowed to enter the US market after approved in the
US due to some severe toxicity to unborn children expressed by prenatal drug exposure: an epidemic
worldwide of phocomelia, children born with severe defects in terms of their limbs - ANSWER-
Thalidomide
QUESTION: What is the starting step in development and evaluation of new drugs? - ANSWER-Drug
discovery
QUESTION: What is the step that animal testing of candidate drugs and evaluation to demonstrate
safety in humans and whether or not the drug is effective in a given clinical condition while conducted in
development and evaluation of new drugs? - ANSWER-Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation
QUESTION: What is the step in which, once the drug enters the market, experts continue to evaluate for
the possibility of rare ADRs that were not discovered in the pre-approval stage, and also performing
studies in special populations like geriatric and pediatric populations? - ANSWER-Post-marketing studies
