CALT Exam Study Guide 2 Q&A Top
Verified Solution 2025
A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short,
code it with a breve). - ✔✔✔ - closed syllable
A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A vowel in an open accented syllable is long,
code it with a macron). - ✔✔✔ - open syllable
A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc diphthongs). - ✔✔✔ - vowel team
A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be
long, code it with a macron, the e will be silent, cross it out). - ✔✔✔ - Vowel consonant e
A syllable type that comes in the final position of a word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable
before it is accented. (Bracket the Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it). - ✔✔✔ - Final
Stable Syllable
A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r
combination). - ✔✔✔ - R Controlled Syllable
Which sounds are unequivocal - ✔✔✔ - Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th,
th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x, sh, wh, qu, b, d, l
Which sounds are equivocal? - ✔✔✔ - Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er,
au, j, ch, z, s, short o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi
What is the floss rule? - ✔✔✔ - 1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final
position you hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s.
, When do we spell the medial (long e) as e-e? - ✔✔✔ - 2+Sbw M(long e) =e-e When you have a 2 or more
syllable base word, and you hear a long e, then you spell that sound with e-e.
What are the just add rules? - ✔✔✔ - bw+ -C=+
bwF _CC+-V=+
bwF _VV+-V=+
bwF VV_+-V=+
If you have a bw plus a consonant suffix, you just add.
If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if the last 2 letters are
consonants then you just add.
If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if 2 of the letters are a
vowel team, then you just add.
What is the doubling rule? - ✔✔✔ - bwF_VC'+ -V=X If you have a base word, and you are adding a vowel
suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if you have one vowel, one consonant, and one accent, then you
double the final consonant and add the vowel suffix.
What is the dropping rule? - ✔✔✔ - bwF_Ce -V=_ _C-V If you have a base word, and in final position you
have a consonant and a silent e, and you are adding a vowel suffix, then you drop the final e, and add the
vowel suffix.
What is the changing rule? - ✔✔✔ - If you have a word with a final consonant and y, and you are adding
a (consonant or a vowel) suffix, change the y to i and add the suffix. (If the suffix begins with an i, then
you just add).
Which vowels are half-long in open, unaccented syllables? - ✔✔✔ - e, o, u
What are wild, old words? - ✔✔✔ - Old Anglo Saxon words. i or o +C = long i or long o
examples: wild, old
Verified Solution 2025
A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short,
code it with a breve). - ✔✔✔ - closed syllable
A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A vowel in an open accented syllable is long,
code it with a macron). - ✔✔✔ - open syllable
A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc diphthongs). - ✔✔✔ - vowel team
A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be
long, code it with a macron, the e will be silent, cross it out). - ✔✔✔ - Vowel consonant e
A syllable type that comes in the final position of a word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable
before it is accented. (Bracket the Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it). - ✔✔✔ - Final
Stable Syllable
A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r
combination). - ✔✔✔ - R Controlled Syllable
Which sounds are unequivocal - ✔✔✔ - Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th,
th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x, sh, wh, qu, b, d, l
Which sounds are equivocal? - ✔✔✔ - Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er,
au, j, ch, z, s, short o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi
What is the floss rule? - ✔✔✔ - 1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final
position you hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s.
, When do we spell the medial (long e) as e-e? - ✔✔✔ - 2+Sbw M(long e) =e-e When you have a 2 or more
syllable base word, and you hear a long e, then you spell that sound with e-e.
What are the just add rules? - ✔✔✔ - bw+ -C=+
bwF _CC+-V=+
bwF _VV+-V=+
bwF VV_+-V=+
If you have a bw plus a consonant suffix, you just add.
If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if the last 2 letters are
consonants then you just add.
If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if 2 of the letters are a
vowel team, then you just add.
What is the doubling rule? - ✔✔✔ - bwF_VC'+ -V=X If you have a base word, and you are adding a vowel
suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if you have one vowel, one consonant, and one accent, then you
double the final consonant and add the vowel suffix.
What is the dropping rule? - ✔✔✔ - bwF_Ce -V=_ _C-V If you have a base word, and in final position you
have a consonant and a silent e, and you are adding a vowel suffix, then you drop the final e, and add the
vowel suffix.
What is the changing rule? - ✔✔✔ - If you have a word with a final consonant and y, and you are adding
a (consonant or a vowel) suffix, change the y to i and add the suffix. (If the suffix begins with an i, then
you just add).
Which vowels are half-long in open, unaccented syllables? - ✔✔✔ - e, o, u
What are wild, old words? - ✔✔✔ - Old Anglo Saxon words. i or o +C = long i or long o
examples: wild, old
