Complete summary Theories of Management
Organisational Behaviour (MGMT20001)
Year 2025
Undergraduate level 2 / Points: 12.5
University of Melbourne
+ 67 test bank questions and answers
+ 55 core concepts explained
,
,Theories of Management
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
Emphasized scientific approach to the study of management and
sought to make organization efficient operating machines. This strips the
individual of their choice and creativity, following only what was needed
of them to make the process as efficient and effective as possible to
increase productivity.
1) Managers precisely specify every element of an employee’s work which
replaces the old rule-of-thumb methods.
2) Managers select and then train, teach and develop employees, unlike
in the past when employees chose their own work and trained
themselves.
3) Managers are responsible for ensuring that all work is done according
to their specifications
4) There is a division of labor based on expertise: managers manage
because of their superior knowledge while employees do what they are
best at.
Why have scientific management?
A) Improve labor productivity through scientifically determined changes in
management processes
B) Develop a science for each element of an employee’s job
C) Select workers with appropriate abilities for each job
D) Scientifically select and then train, teach, develop each employee
E) Heartily cooperate with each other
F) Assure an equal division of work and responsibility between managers
and non-managers
G) Support workers by planning and work (eliminate interruptions)
H) Provide wage incentives to workers for increased output.
In essence, this theory proposes that the best and most qualified
employee should be trained at one repetitive task in order for them to
excel at that one task. This will cause less time to complete the task, and
thus increases the productivity. Incentives are given.
Advantage:
, 1) Productive because of speed
2) Job security because of incentives (in the past)
Disadvantage:
1) People get bored high turnovers
2) Choice is very important in businesses nowadays
3) Plays down the psychological and social aspects of the organization
4)Views people as interchangeable parts (no human rights).
5) Belief that managerial authority is based on scientific impartiality, but
as human beings, we are complex creatures that can never be viewed as
fully objective.
Application today:
1) Time and motion studies to increase productivity (e.g. McD)
2) Hire the best qualified employees
3) Design incentive system based on output (e.g. investment banks).
4) The separation of “conception” and “execution” (Managers think, and
workers do)
5) Standardization of tasks
Hawthorne Studies
Emphasized understanding of human behavior, needs and attitudes in
the workplace by drawing on psychology, and its impact on motivation,
communication, leadership and human resource management. In
essence, the human relations movement fostered the belief that effective
control comes from within the individual and enlightened treatment of
employees.
Hawthorne Studies
History
Conducted from 1927-1932 at the Western Electric Hawthorne works in
Chicago, where Harvard business school professor Elton Mayo examined
productivity and working conditions
Organisational Behaviour (MGMT20001)
Year 2025
Undergraduate level 2 / Points: 12.5
University of Melbourne
+ 67 test bank questions and answers
+ 55 core concepts explained
,
,Theories of Management
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
Emphasized scientific approach to the study of management and
sought to make organization efficient operating machines. This strips the
individual of their choice and creativity, following only what was needed
of them to make the process as efficient and effective as possible to
increase productivity.
1) Managers precisely specify every element of an employee’s work which
replaces the old rule-of-thumb methods.
2) Managers select and then train, teach and develop employees, unlike
in the past when employees chose their own work and trained
themselves.
3) Managers are responsible for ensuring that all work is done according
to their specifications
4) There is a division of labor based on expertise: managers manage
because of their superior knowledge while employees do what they are
best at.
Why have scientific management?
A) Improve labor productivity through scientifically determined changes in
management processes
B) Develop a science for each element of an employee’s job
C) Select workers with appropriate abilities for each job
D) Scientifically select and then train, teach, develop each employee
E) Heartily cooperate with each other
F) Assure an equal division of work and responsibility between managers
and non-managers
G) Support workers by planning and work (eliminate interruptions)
H) Provide wage incentives to workers for increased output.
In essence, this theory proposes that the best and most qualified
employee should be trained at one repetitive task in order for them to
excel at that one task. This will cause less time to complete the task, and
thus increases the productivity. Incentives are given.
Advantage:
, 1) Productive because of speed
2) Job security because of incentives (in the past)
Disadvantage:
1) People get bored high turnovers
2) Choice is very important in businesses nowadays
3) Plays down the psychological and social aspects of the organization
4)Views people as interchangeable parts (no human rights).
5) Belief that managerial authority is based on scientific impartiality, but
as human beings, we are complex creatures that can never be viewed as
fully objective.
Application today:
1) Time and motion studies to increase productivity (e.g. McD)
2) Hire the best qualified employees
3) Design incentive system based on output (e.g. investment banks).
4) The separation of “conception” and “execution” (Managers think, and
workers do)
5) Standardization of tasks
Hawthorne Studies
Emphasized understanding of human behavior, needs and attitudes in
the workplace by drawing on psychology, and its impact on motivation,
communication, leadership and human resource management. In
essence, the human relations movement fostered the belief that effective
control comes from within the individual and enlightened treatment of
employees.
Hawthorne Studies
History
Conducted from 1927-1932 at the Western Electric Hawthorne works in
Chicago, where Harvard business school professor Elton Mayo examined
productivity and working conditions
