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Pediatric Exam 1 Study
Guide | Comprehensive
Nursing Review, Practice
Questions & Exam
Preparation
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,Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf 6/15/2026, 2:12:01 PM
Chapter 28
Shrill cry may indicate intracranial pressure
Chest exceeds head circumference by 2-3 inches
Axillary temp
is 0.5 ℉ -1℉ lower than oral temp
Oral temp only 4-6 yrs +
Recent oral fluids, oxygen, or nebulizer treatments can a ect oral temp
Tympanic temp (ear)=
disposable speculum (infant/child can be sleep)
Tympanic temp = oral temp
Temporal Temp
Infrared sensor probe
Measures heat from blood flow in temporal artery
Sweating can a ect measurement
Rectal temp
Rectal temp is 0.5 ℉ -1℉ higher than oral temp
Prone position
Insert ½ - 1 inch in the rectum
Resistance = REMOVE
Keep one hand on buttocks entire time thermometer is inserted
Cardiac monitors
Alarms are set to max & minimum setting above & below child's resting heart
rate
Respirations
Infant
abdominal breather = observe abdomen,
count for 1 full minute
Note retractions
Supraclavicular (above the clavicle)
Suprasternal (above the sternum)
Intercostal (between the ribs)
Substernal (below the sternum)
Subcostal (below the ribs
Blood pressure
Only done under 3 years if child has renal or heart disease
Wide enough to cover 2 thirds of the child’s upper arm
Long enough to encircle child’s arm
6/15/2026, 2:12:04 PM Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf
,Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf 6/15/2026, 2:12:01 PM
Locate artery by palpating antecubital fossa
Inflate until radial pulse disappears or 30 mm Hg above expected systolic
Ears
Alignment = inner to outer canthus (pinna should be even or above)
Low set ears = intellectual disability
Loud speaking or not speaking clear = hearing di culties
Abdomen
Hernias = protrusions in umbilicus or inguinal canal
Report tense, firm abdomen or unusual tenderness
Congenital hip dislocation
Dislocation or asymmetry of gluteal skin folds
Chapter 29
Oxygen = No FRICTION toys
Only tie restraint to BED FRAME
Droplet (coughing, sneezing, talking)
Vehicle (food, water, blood, or contaminated products)
Airborn (particles in air)
Vector (mosquitos, vermin)
Standard Precautions
Universal + body substance precautions
Blood, Body fluids, secretions, excretions (not sweat, non intact skin, mucous
membranes)
Transmission- Based Precautions
Contact, droplet, and airborne
Infection
Hand Hygiene
Pre-Op
Infants get dehydrated quicker = shorter NPO period before surgery
Sedative 1.5 - 2 hours before surgery
Analgesic anticholinergic mixture before client leaves operating room
Post -Op
Document first void, indicates blood flow + urinary output
Notify MD of Anuria (absence of urine 6+ hours)
Flexion of knees = abdominal pain
Pain = decrease O2, sweating palms, dilated pupils , flushed/ moist skin, loss of
appetite
FACES
6/15/2026, 2:12:04 PM Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf
, Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf 6/15/2026, 2:12:01 PM
Numeric (7 years +)
PCA pump 7 years +
Wet dressings = increased contaminations
Clean dry dressings = comfort
No Md orders = reinforce moist original dressing w/ dry dressing, tape in place
Record drainage by weighing dry then weighing wet and subtracting di erence
Chapter 36- Respiratory illness
Wheezing = asthma, anaphylaxis, or COPD
Rhonchi = hypersecretions of mucus in lungs
CHF = pink & frothy
Infection = green yellow
Infant is nose breather
Infants use abdominal muscles to breather
2- 3 years old children use THORACIC muscles to breathe, completed by 7 years
Child inhaled foreign body = more likely in right bronchus than left
Complications from common cold = otitis media & sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis = clear and watery nasal secretions
Admin Acetaminophen or ibuprofen = AVOID ASPIRIN = Reye's syndrome
Lymphoid tissue encircles pharynx, protective barrier = tonsils, adenoids, and lingual
tonsils
Tonsillectomy
Post op = bleeding concern
Temperature monitoring
Risk for aspiration, pain, dehydration, + swallowing risk (REINFORCE
FAMILY TEACHING)
Immediately after place child in PRONE position, head turned to one side until
child wakes up = facilitates chest drainage
AVOID pillows under chest & abdomen
Discourage coughing
Vital signs 10-15 min until awake 30-1hr after
Hemorrhage = most common complication
24 hrs / 5th -7th day post op (clots dissolve)
Frequent swallowing,
unusual restlessness,
anxiety,
frequent swallowing
rapid pulse
Bright red flecked emesis or oozing (dark old blood expected)
6/15/2026, 2:12:04 PM Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf
a.com/user/assistant
Pediatric Exam 1 Study
Guide | Comprehensive
Nursing Review, Practice
Questions & Exam
Preparation
https://www.stuvia.com/user/assistanthttps://www.stuvia.com/user/assistanthttps://www.stuvi
a.com/user/assistanthttps://www.stuvia.com/user/assistant
,Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf 6/15/2026, 2:12:01 PM
Chapter 28
Shrill cry may indicate intracranial pressure
Chest exceeds head circumference by 2-3 inches
Axillary temp
is 0.5 ℉ -1℉ lower than oral temp
Oral temp only 4-6 yrs +
Recent oral fluids, oxygen, or nebulizer treatments can a ect oral temp
Tympanic temp (ear)=
disposable speculum (infant/child can be sleep)
Tympanic temp = oral temp
Temporal Temp
Infrared sensor probe
Measures heat from blood flow in temporal artery
Sweating can a ect measurement
Rectal temp
Rectal temp is 0.5 ℉ -1℉ higher than oral temp
Prone position
Insert ½ - 1 inch in the rectum
Resistance = REMOVE
Keep one hand on buttocks entire time thermometer is inserted
Cardiac monitors
Alarms are set to max & minimum setting above & below child's resting heart
rate
Respirations
Infant
abdominal breather = observe abdomen,
count for 1 full minute
Note retractions
Supraclavicular (above the clavicle)
Suprasternal (above the sternum)
Intercostal (between the ribs)
Substernal (below the sternum)
Subcostal (below the ribs
Blood pressure
Only done under 3 years if child has renal or heart disease
Wide enough to cover 2 thirds of the child’s upper arm
Long enough to encircle child’s arm
6/15/2026, 2:12:04 PM Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf
,Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf 6/15/2026, 2:12:01 PM
Locate artery by palpating antecubital fossa
Inflate until radial pulse disappears or 30 mm Hg above expected systolic
Ears
Alignment = inner to outer canthus (pinna should be even or above)
Low set ears = intellectual disability
Loud speaking or not speaking clear = hearing di culties
Abdomen
Hernias = protrusions in umbilicus or inguinal canal
Report tense, firm abdomen or unusual tenderness
Congenital hip dislocation
Dislocation or asymmetry of gluteal skin folds
Chapter 29
Oxygen = No FRICTION toys
Only tie restraint to BED FRAME
Droplet (coughing, sneezing, talking)
Vehicle (food, water, blood, or contaminated products)
Airborn (particles in air)
Vector (mosquitos, vermin)
Standard Precautions
Universal + body substance precautions
Blood, Body fluids, secretions, excretions (not sweat, non intact skin, mucous
membranes)
Transmission- Based Precautions
Contact, droplet, and airborne
Infection
Hand Hygiene
Pre-Op
Infants get dehydrated quicker = shorter NPO period before surgery
Sedative 1.5 - 2 hours before surgery
Analgesic anticholinergic mixture before client leaves operating room
Post -Op
Document first void, indicates blood flow + urinary output
Notify MD of Anuria (absence of urine 6+ hours)
Flexion of knees = abdominal pain
Pain = decrease O2, sweating palms, dilated pupils , flushed/ moist skin, loss of
appetite
FACES
6/15/2026, 2:12:04 PM Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf
, Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf 6/15/2026, 2:12:01 PM
Numeric (7 years +)
PCA pump 7 years +
Wet dressings = increased contaminations
Clean dry dressings = comfort
No Md orders = reinforce moist original dressing w/ dry dressing, tape in place
Record drainage by weighing dry then weighing wet and subtracting di erence
Chapter 36- Respiratory illness
Wheezing = asthma, anaphylaxis, or COPD
Rhonchi = hypersecretions of mucus in lungs
CHF = pink & frothy
Infection = green yellow
Infant is nose breather
Infants use abdominal muscles to breather
2- 3 years old children use THORACIC muscles to breathe, completed by 7 years
Child inhaled foreign body = more likely in right bronchus than left
Complications from common cold = otitis media & sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis = clear and watery nasal secretions
Admin Acetaminophen or ibuprofen = AVOID ASPIRIN = Reye's syndrome
Lymphoid tissue encircles pharynx, protective barrier = tonsils, adenoids, and lingual
tonsils
Tonsillectomy
Post op = bleeding concern
Temperature monitoring
Risk for aspiration, pain, dehydration, + swallowing risk (REINFORCE
FAMILY TEACHING)
Immediately after place child in PRONE position, head turned to one side until
child wakes up = facilitates chest drainage
AVOID pillows under chest & abdomen
Discourage coughing
Vital signs 10-15 min until awake 30-1hr after
Hemorrhage = most common complication
24 hrs / 5th -7th day post op (clots dissolve)
Frequent swallowing,
unusual restlessness,
anxiety,
frequent swallowing
rapid pulse
Bright red flecked emesis or oozing (dark old blood expected)
6/15/2026, 2:12:04 PM Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf Pediatric_Exam_1.pdf.pdf
