ICU/BKAT Final Exam Test with Verified Answers
1. List the nor- RA: 2-8 mmHg
mal pressures in
each of the cham- RV:
bers of the heart 15-25 mmHg systolic
2-8 mmHg diastolic
PA: 25/10
15-25 mmHg systolic
8-14 mmHg diastolic
LA: 6-12 mmHg
LV:
110-130 mmHg systolic
6-12 mmHg diastolic
Aorta:
110-130 mmHg systolic
70-80 mmHg diastolic
2. Normal CO and CO: 4-8 L/min
CI? CI: 2.5-4 L/min/m2
3. Discuss Cardiac CO = HR x SV
Output the amount of blood ejected in L/min. A measure of tissue
perfusion and blood flow.
4. What compo- Amount of blood ejected/beat. Depends on Preload, After-
nents make up load, and Contractility
stroke volume?
5. Explain Preload Indicative of fluid status. is defined as the end diastolic
stretch on myocardial muscle fibers from the filling pres-
sure of blood returning to the heart. Think Starling's Law
6. What values are Right heart - CVP: 0-8 mmHg
representative of
preload? Left Heart -
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, ICU/BKAT Final Exam Test with Verified Answers
PAP: 25/10 mmHg
PAWP: 6-12 mmHg
7. Explain Afterload The amount of pressure the ventricles have to work
against to pump blood out of the heart and to the body
or lung.
8. What values are Right heart - PVR: 40-250
representative of
afterload? Left heart -
SVR: 800-1200
MAP: >65 mmHg
9. What values are Ejection Fraction: >40%
representative of SV: 60-100 mL
contractility?
10. Discuss ejection The % of available preload that is ejected as SV with each
fraction beat; efficiency of LV as a pump
Amount of blood ejected (SV)/Amount of blood available
(EDV)
11. MAP Formula Sys BP + 2(Dia BP)/3
12. Explain pulse Measure of the strength of cardiac contraction and resis-
pressure tance; Normally 30-40 mmHg
Systolic - Diastolic BP
- low PP - hypovolemia, CHF, shock, AS, cardiac tampon-
ade
- high PP - exercise, stiff arteries, AI, AV malformation,
hyperthyroid
13. Discuss Mixed - Percentage of O2 bound to hgb in the blood returning to
Venous O2 Sat the right side of the heart; reflects tissue oxygenation and
(Sv02) supply/demand balance
- Normal: 60-75% (normal tissue extracts ~25% of O2)
- <60% and >80% indicates tissue hypoxemia
2/8
1. List the nor- RA: 2-8 mmHg
mal pressures in
each of the cham- RV:
bers of the heart 15-25 mmHg systolic
2-8 mmHg diastolic
PA: 25/10
15-25 mmHg systolic
8-14 mmHg diastolic
LA: 6-12 mmHg
LV:
110-130 mmHg systolic
6-12 mmHg diastolic
Aorta:
110-130 mmHg systolic
70-80 mmHg diastolic
2. Normal CO and CO: 4-8 L/min
CI? CI: 2.5-4 L/min/m2
3. Discuss Cardiac CO = HR x SV
Output the amount of blood ejected in L/min. A measure of tissue
perfusion and blood flow.
4. What compo- Amount of blood ejected/beat. Depends on Preload, After-
nents make up load, and Contractility
stroke volume?
5. Explain Preload Indicative of fluid status. is defined as the end diastolic
stretch on myocardial muscle fibers from the filling pres-
sure of blood returning to the heart. Think Starling's Law
6. What values are Right heart - CVP: 0-8 mmHg
representative of
preload? Left Heart -
1/8
, ICU/BKAT Final Exam Test with Verified Answers
PAP: 25/10 mmHg
PAWP: 6-12 mmHg
7. Explain Afterload The amount of pressure the ventricles have to work
against to pump blood out of the heart and to the body
or lung.
8. What values are Right heart - PVR: 40-250
representative of
afterload? Left heart -
SVR: 800-1200
MAP: >65 mmHg
9. What values are Ejection Fraction: >40%
representative of SV: 60-100 mL
contractility?
10. Discuss ejection The % of available preload that is ejected as SV with each
fraction beat; efficiency of LV as a pump
Amount of blood ejected (SV)/Amount of blood available
(EDV)
11. MAP Formula Sys BP + 2(Dia BP)/3
12. Explain pulse Measure of the strength of cardiac contraction and resis-
pressure tance; Normally 30-40 mmHg
Systolic - Diastolic BP
- low PP - hypovolemia, CHF, shock, AS, cardiac tampon-
ade
- high PP - exercise, stiff arteries, AI, AV malformation,
hyperthyroid
13. Discuss Mixed - Percentage of O2 bound to hgb in the blood returning to
Venous O2 Sat the right side of the heart; reflects tissue oxygenation and
(Sv02) supply/demand balance
- Normal: 60-75% (normal tissue extracts ~25% of O2)
- <60% and >80% indicates tissue hypoxemia
2/8
