PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
EXAM 2025 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Acidifying g agent g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g preps g to g provide g
acidic g medium g for g product g stability
Alkalinizing g agent g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g preps g to g provide g
alkaline g medium g for g product g stabilitiy
Adsorbent g - g correct g answer g Agent g capable g of g holding g other g molecules g
onto g its g surface g by g physical g or g chemical g (chemisorption) g means
Aerosol g propellant g - g correct g answer g Agent g responsible g for g developing g
pressure g within g an g aerosol g container g and g expelling g product g when g valve
g is g opened
Air g displacement g - g correct g answer g Agent g employed g to g displace g air g in
g hermetically g sealed g container g to g enhance g product g stability
Antifungal g preservative g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g and g semi-solid g
preps g to g prevent g growth g of g fungi
,Antimicrobial g preservative g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g and g semi-
solid g preps g to g prevent g growth g of g microorganisms
Antioxidant g - g correct g answer g Inhibits g oxidation; g used g to g prevent g
deterioration g of g preps g by g oxidative g process
Buffering g agent g - g correct g answer g used g to g resist g change g in g pH g upon
g dilution/addition g of g acid/alkali
Chelating/sequestering g agent g - g correct g answer g forms g stable, g water g
soluble g complexes g with g metals
Colourant g - g correct g answer g Imparts g colour g to g liquid g and g solid g pharm g
preps
Clarifying g agent g - g correct g answer g filtering g aid g because g of g adsorbent g
qualities
Emulsifying g agent g - g correct g answer g promotes g and g maintains g dispersion g
of g finely g subdivided g particles g of g liquid g in g vehicle g in g which g it's g
immiscible
Encapsulating g agent g - g correct g answer g forms g thin g shells g for g purpose g of
g enclosing g drug g substance/drug g formulation g for g ease g of g administration
Flavourant g - g correct g answer g imparts g pleasant g flavour g and g often g odor g
to g pharm g prep.
Humectant g - g correct g answer g prevents g drying g out g of g preps, g particularly g
ointments g and g creams, g due g to g agent's g ability g to g retain g moisture
Levigating g agent g - g correct g answer g liquid g used g as g intervening g agent g to
g reduce g particle g size g of g drug g powder g by g grinding g together, g usually g in
g mortar
Ointment g base g - g correct g answer g semi-solid g vehicle g into g which g drug g
substances g may g be g incorporated g in g preparing g medicated g ointments
Plasticizer g - g correct g answer g Component g of g film-coating g solution g to g
enhance g spread g of g coat g over g tablets, g beads, g and g granules
Solvent g - g correct g answer g agent g used g to g dissolve g another g pharmaceutic
g substance/drug g in g preparation g of g solution
,Stiffening g agent g - g correct g answer g Increases g thickness g or g hardness g of g
pharm g prep, g usually g an g ointment
Suppository g base g - g correct g answer g Vehicle g into g which g drug g substances
g are g incorporated g in g the g preparation g of g suppositories
Surfactant g - g correct g answer g substances g which g absorb g to g surfaces g or g
interfaces g to g reduce g surface g or g interfacial g tension
May g be g used g as g wetting g agents, g detergents, g or g emulsifying g agents
Suspending g agent g - g correct g answer g viscosity g increasing g agent g used g to
g reduce g rate g of g sedimentation g of g (drug) g particles g dispersed g throughout g
a g vehicle g in g which g they g are g not g soluble
Sweetening g agent g - g correct g answer g Imparts g sweetness g to g a g prep
Tablet g antiadherents g - g correct g answer g prevent g sticking g of g tablet g
formulation g ingredients g to g punches g and g dies g in g tableting g machine g
during g production
Tablet g binders g - g correct g answer g Cause g adhesion g of g powder g particles g
in g tablet g granulations
Tablet g and g capsule g diluent g - g correct g answer g inert g substances g used g as
g fillers g to g create g the g desired g bulk, g flow g properties, g and g compression g
characteristics g in g the g preparation g of g tablets g and g capsules
Tablet g coating g agent g - g correct g answer g Used g to g coat g a g formed g tablet
g to g protect g against g drug g decomposition g by g atmospheric g oxygen g or g
humidity, g to g provide g desired g release g pattern g for g drug g substance g after g
administration, g to g mask g taste g or g odor g of g drug g substance g for g aesthetic
g purpose
Various g types: g sugar, g film, g or g enteric
Water-insoluble g coatings g may g be g used g to g coat g tablets g and g beads g to g
slow g release g of g drug g as g they g pass g through g GI g tract
Tablet g coating g agent: g sugar g coating g - g correct g answer g water-based; g
results g in g thickened g covering g around g formed g tablet
These g tablets g generally g start g to g break g up g in g stomach
Tablet g coating g agent: g film g coating g - g correct g answer g thin g cover g around
g formed g tablet g or g bead
, Unless g enteric, g will g dissolve g in g stomach
Tablet g coating g agent: g enteric g coating g - g correct g answer g pass g stomach g
and g break g up g in g intestines
Tablet g direct g compression g excipient g - g correct g answer g Used g in g direct g
compression g tablet g formulations
cold g welding g rather g than g adhesion/cohesion
Tablet g disintegrant g - g correct g answer g Used g in g SDF g to g promote g
disruption g of g solid g mass g into g smaller g particles g more g readily g dispersed g
or g dissolved
Tablet g and g capsule g glidant g - g correct g answer g improves g flow g properties g
of g powder g mixture
Tablet g lubricant g - g correct g answer g Reduces g friction g during g tablet g
compression
Tablet g and g capsule g opaquant g - g correct g answer g Renders g capsule g or g
tablet g coating g opaque
May g be g used g alone/in g combo g with g colourant
Tablet g polishing g agent g - g correct g answer g Imparts g attractive g sheen g to g
coated g tablets
Tonicity g agent g - g correct g answer g Renders g a g solution g similar g in g osmotic
g characteristics g to g physiologic g fluids
Vehicle g - g correct g answer g Carrying g agent g for g drug g substance
Used g in g formulating g variety g of g liquid g dosage g for g oral g and g parenteral g
administration
Viscosity g increasing g agent g - g correct g answer g used g to g change g
consistency g of g preparation g to g render g it g more g resistant g to g flow
otic g administration g site g and g dosage g forms g - g correct g answer g "aural" g
applied g to g the g ear g canal
drops
nasal g administration g site, g dosage g forms g - g correct g answer g applied g to g
the g nose g or g sinus g cavity
drops, g sprays
EXAM 2025 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Acidifying g agent g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g preps g to g provide g
acidic g medium g for g product g stability
Alkalinizing g agent g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g preps g to g provide g
alkaline g medium g for g product g stabilitiy
Adsorbent g - g correct g answer g Agent g capable g of g holding g other g molecules g
onto g its g surface g by g physical g or g chemical g (chemisorption) g means
Aerosol g propellant g - g correct g answer g Agent g responsible g for g developing g
pressure g within g an g aerosol g container g and g expelling g product g when g valve
g is g opened
Air g displacement g - g correct g answer g Agent g employed g to g displace g air g in
g hermetically g sealed g container g to g enhance g product g stability
Antifungal g preservative g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g and g semi-solid g
preps g to g prevent g growth g of g fungi
,Antimicrobial g preservative g - g correct g answer g Used g in g liquid g and g semi-
solid g preps g to g prevent g growth g of g microorganisms
Antioxidant g - g correct g answer g Inhibits g oxidation; g used g to g prevent g
deterioration g of g preps g by g oxidative g process
Buffering g agent g - g correct g answer g used g to g resist g change g in g pH g upon
g dilution/addition g of g acid/alkali
Chelating/sequestering g agent g - g correct g answer g forms g stable, g water g
soluble g complexes g with g metals
Colourant g - g correct g answer g Imparts g colour g to g liquid g and g solid g pharm g
preps
Clarifying g agent g - g correct g answer g filtering g aid g because g of g adsorbent g
qualities
Emulsifying g agent g - g correct g answer g promotes g and g maintains g dispersion g
of g finely g subdivided g particles g of g liquid g in g vehicle g in g which g it's g
immiscible
Encapsulating g agent g - g correct g answer g forms g thin g shells g for g purpose g of
g enclosing g drug g substance/drug g formulation g for g ease g of g administration
Flavourant g - g correct g answer g imparts g pleasant g flavour g and g often g odor g
to g pharm g prep.
Humectant g - g correct g answer g prevents g drying g out g of g preps, g particularly g
ointments g and g creams, g due g to g agent's g ability g to g retain g moisture
Levigating g agent g - g correct g answer g liquid g used g as g intervening g agent g to
g reduce g particle g size g of g drug g powder g by g grinding g together, g usually g in
g mortar
Ointment g base g - g correct g answer g semi-solid g vehicle g into g which g drug g
substances g may g be g incorporated g in g preparing g medicated g ointments
Plasticizer g - g correct g answer g Component g of g film-coating g solution g to g
enhance g spread g of g coat g over g tablets, g beads, g and g granules
Solvent g - g correct g answer g agent g used g to g dissolve g another g pharmaceutic
g substance/drug g in g preparation g of g solution
,Stiffening g agent g - g correct g answer g Increases g thickness g or g hardness g of g
pharm g prep, g usually g an g ointment
Suppository g base g - g correct g answer g Vehicle g into g which g drug g substances
g are g incorporated g in g the g preparation g of g suppositories
Surfactant g - g correct g answer g substances g which g absorb g to g surfaces g or g
interfaces g to g reduce g surface g or g interfacial g tension
May g be g used g as g wetting g agents, g detergents, g or g emulsifying g agents
Suspending g agent g - g correct g answer g viscosity g increasing g agent g used g to
g reduce g rate g of g sedimentation g of g (drug) g particles g dispersed g throughout g
a g vehicle g in g which g they g are g not g soluble
Sweetening g agent g - g correct g answer g Imparts g sweetness g to g a g prep
Tablet g antiadherents g - g correct g answer g prevent g sticking g of g tablet g
formulation g ingredients g to g punches g and g dies g in g tableting g machine g
during g production
Tablet g binders g - g correct g answer g Cause g adhesion g of g powder g particles g
in g tablet g granulations
Tablet g and g capsule g diluent g - g correct g answer g inert g substances g used g as
g fillers g to g create g the g desired g bulk, g flow g properties, g and g compression g
characteristics g in g the g preparation g of g tablets g and g capsules
Tablet g coating g agent g - g correct g answer g Used g to g coat g a g formed g tablet
g to g protect g against g drug g decomposition g by g atmospheric g oxygen g or g
humidity, g to g provide g desired g release g pattern g for g drug g substance g after g
administration, g to g mask g taste g or g odor g of g drug g substance g for g aesthetic
g purpose
Various g types: g sugar, g film, g or g enteric
Water-insoluble g coatings g may g be g used g to g coat g tablets g and g beads g to g
slow g release g of g drug g as g they g pass g through g GI g tract
Tablet g coating g agent: g sugar g coating g - g correct g answer g water-based; g
results g in g thickened g covering g around g formed g tablet
These g tablets g generally g start g to g break g up g in g stomach
Tablet g coating g agent: g film g coating g - g correct g answer g thin g cover g around
g formed g tablet g or g bead
, Unless g enteric, g will g dissolve g in g stomach
Tablet g coating g agent: g enteric g coating g - g correct g answer g pass g stomach g
and g break g up g in g intestines
Tablet g direct g compression g excipient g - g correct g answer g Used g in g direct g
compression g tablet g formulations
cold g welding g rather g than g adhesion/cohesion
Tablet g disintegrant g - g correct g answer g Used g in g SDF g to g promote g
disruption g of g solid g mass g into g smaller g particles g more g readily g dispersed g
or g dissolved
Tablet g and g capsule g glidant g - g correct g answer g improves g flow g properties g
of g powder g mixture
Tablet g lubricant g - g correct g answer g Reduces g friction g during g tablet g
compression
Tablet g and g capsule g opaquant g - g correct g answer g Renders g capsule g or g
tablet g coating g opaque
May g be g used g alone/in g combo g with g colourant
Tablet g polishing g agent g - g correct g answer g Imparts g attractive g sheen g to g
coated g tablets
Tonicity g agent g - g correct g answer g Renders g a g solution g similar g in g osmotic
g characteristics g to g physiologic g fluids
Vehicle g - g correct g answer g Carrying g agent g for g drug g substance
Used g in g formulating g variety g of g liquid g dosage g for g oral g and g parenteral g
administration
Viscosity g increasing g agent g - g correct g answer g used g to g change g
consistency g of g preparation g to g render g it g more g resistant g to g flow
otic g administration g site g and g dosage g forms g - g correct g answer g "aural" g
applied g to g the g ear g canal
drops
nasal g administration g site, g dosage g forms g - g correct g answer g applied g to g
the g nose g or g sinus g cavity
drops, g sprays
