Pharmaceutical Chemistry exam with correct answers
Medicinal chemistry - correct answer The science that deals with the discovery or
design of new therapeutic agents and their development into useful medicines
Alkane - correct answer One bond, saturated
Alkene - correct answer Double bond, unsaturated
Alkyne - correct answer Triple bond, unsaturated
Naming - correct answer 1. # start at double bond
2. High priority group
3. Name at each number
Cis - correct answer Functional groups same side as the carbon
Trans - correct answer Functional group on opposite sides
Geometric isomers - correct answer Chemically distinct and pharmacological different.
Single isomers.
Different drugs
Positional isomers - correct answer Same molecular formula, same functional groups,
but different positions of functional groups. Change in functional group location
Hydrogenation - correct answer
Halogenation - correct answer Hydrohalogenation
Hydration - correct answer Addition of water
Aromatic compounds - correct answer any of a large class of unsaturated chemical
compounds characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent
bonds of two different kinds
Alcohols - correct answer R-OH
Primary (1°) structure - correct answer 1 R group
,Secondary (2°) structure - correct answer 2 R groups
tertiary structure - correct answer 3 R groups
Naming alcohols - correct answer Start # near hydroxyl (OH)group
Diols - correct answer an alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups in its molecule.
Phenols - correct answer higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with
the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen.
Thiols - correct answer organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups (-SH)
Polyols - correct answer also called sugar alcohols
Ethers - correct answer C-O-C or R-O-R, contain O between two carbon groups
Oxidation - correct answer Is losing Hydrogen, might be adding Oxygen. Tertiary
alcohols are resistant to oxidation
reduction - correct answer Is gaining hydrogens, maybe losing Oxygen
Aldehydes - correct answer RCHO, an alkyl group of an aromatic group, -H
Ketones - correct answer RCRO, two alkyl or aromatic groups, -CH3, double bond O
carboxylic acid - correct answer R-COOH
Ester - correct answer RCOOR
Esterification - correct answer a reaction of an alcohol with an acid to produce an ester
and water.
Naming esters - correct answer Esters are named with the alkyl name of the alcohol
followed by the carboxylate name from the acid
Hydrolysis - correct answer Conversions of esters to carboxylic acids and alcohol by
reacting with water. Either an acid and a base is required for catalyst
Saponification - correct answer Process of soap formation; as related to decomposition,
the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called
adipocere or grave wax.
Amines - correct answer organic compounds with an amino group
Primary: RNH2
, Secondary:R2NH
Tertiary:R3N
Alkaloids - correct answer Naturally occurring nitrogen compounds isolated from plants.
One or more nitrogen heteroatoms.
Basic, bitter, poisonous
Pain killers, sleep induced, creation of euphoria
chiral - correct answer a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image. Mirror
images
Enantiomers - correct answer isomers that are mirror images of each other
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system - correct answer ~ R & S
~ S = Absolute configuration for almost all chiral AA
Determine group priority by central carbon
Start at heaviest atom, this is highest priority
R - correct answer clockwise
S - correct answer Counterclockwise
Diastereomers - correct answer stereoisomers that are not mirror images
meso compound - correct answer multiple chiral centers
-optically inactive
-have plane of symmetry on two mirror halves
2 chiral centers
plane-polarized light - correct answer Light that has been passed through a polarizing
filter, allowing only the transmission of waves containing electric field vectors parallel to
the lines of the filter.
Optically inactactive - correct answer A compound that does not change the plane of
polarized light
observed rotation - correct answer the number of degrees through which a compound
rotates the plane of polarized light
enantiomeric excess - correct answer the excess of one enantiomer in a mixture of
enantiomers expressed as a percentage of the mixture. similar to optical purity.
algebraically EE= (R-S)/(R+S)X100%
Three-point attachment model - correct answer the enzyme's surface has three non-
equivalent sites: one for binding of the OH, one for the binding of simple carboxylate,
and the other one for binding an acetate.
Medicinal chemistry - correct answer The science that deals with the discovery or
design of new therapeutic agents and their development into useful medicines
Alkane - correct answer One bond, saturated
Alkene - correct answer Double bond, unsaturated
Alkyne - correct answer Triple bond, unsaturated
Naming - correct answer 1. # start at double bond
2. High priority group
3. Name at each number
Cis - correct answer Functional groups same side as the carbon
Trans - correct answer Functional group on opposite sides
Geometric isomers - correct answer Chemically distinct and pharmacological different.
Single isomers.
Different drugs
Positional isomers - correct answer Same molecular formula, same functional groups,
but different positions of functional groups. Change in functional group location
Hydrogenation - correct answer
Halogenation - correct answer Hydrohalogenation
Hydration - correct answer Addition of water
Aromatic compounds - correct answer any of a large class of unsaturated chemical
compounds characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent
bonds of two different kinds
Alcohols - correct answer R-OH
Primary (1°) structure - correct answer 1 R group
,Secondary (2°) structure - correct answer 2 R groups
tertiary structure - correct answer 3 R groups
Naming alcohols - correct answer Start # near hydroxyl (OH)group
Diols - correct answer an alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups in its molecule.
Phenols - correct answer higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with
the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen.
Thiols - correct answer organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups (-SH)
Polyols - correct answer also called sugar alcohols
Ethers - correct answer C-O-C or R-O-R, contain O between two carbon groups
Oxidation - correct answer Is losing Hydrogen, might be adding Oxygen. Tertiary
alcohols are resistant to oxidation
reduction - correct answer Is gaining hydrogens, maybe losing Oxygen
Aldehydes - correct answer RCHO, an alkyl group of an aromatic group, -H
Ketones - correct answer RCRO, two alkyl or aromatic groups, -CH3, double bond O
carboxylic acid - correct answer R-COOH
Ester - correct answer RCOOR
Esterification - correct answer a reaction of an alcohol with an acid to produce an ester
and water.
Naming esters - correct answer Esters are named with the alkyl name of the alcohol
followed by the carboxylate name from the acid
Hydrolysis - correct answer Conversions of esters to carboxylic acids and alcohol by
reacting with water. Either an acid and a base is required for catalyst
Saponification - correct answer Process of soap formation; as related to decomposition,
the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called
adipocere or grave wax.
Amines - correct answer organic compounds with an amino group
Primary: RNH2
, Secondary:R2NH
Tertiary:R3N
Alkaloids - correct answer Naturally occurring nitrogen compounds isolated from plants.
One or more nitrogen heteroatoms.
Basic, bitter, poisonous
Pain killers, sleep induced, creation of euphoria
chiral - correct answer a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image. Mirror
images
Enantiomers - correct answer isomers that are mirror images of each other
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system - correct answer ~ R & S
~ S = Absolute configuration for almost all chiral AA
Determine group priority by central carbon
Start at heaviest atom, this is highest priority
R - correct answer clockwise
S - correct answer Counterclockwise
Diastereomers - correct answer stereoisomers that are not mirror images
meso compound - correct answer multiple chiral centers
-optically inactive
-have plane of symmetry on two mirror halves
2 chiral centers
plane-polarized light - correct answer Light that has been passed through a polarizing
filter, allowing only the transmission of waves containing electric field vectors parallel to
the lines of the filter.
Optically inactactive - correct answer A compound that does not change the plane of
polarized light
observed rotation - correct answer the number of degrees through which a compound
rotates the plane of polarized light
enantiomeric excess - correct answer the excess of one enantiomer in a mixture of
enantiomers expressed as a percentage of the mixture. similar to optical purity.
algebraically EE= (R-S)/(R+S)X100%
Three-point attachment model - correct answer the enzyme's surface has three non-
equivalent sites: one for binding of the OH, one for the binding of simple carboxylate,
and the other one for binding an acetate.
