MN 551: UNIT 2 QUIZ WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]
inflammation - ✔✔the reaction of vascularized tissues to injury
-localizes and eliminates microbes, foreign particles, and abnormal cells
and paves the way for repair of injured tissue
-conditions that involve this end in -itis
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation - ✔✔Loss of function
redness
swelling
heat
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
,pain
acute-phase response - ✔✔-the systemic manifestations that may
occur during acute inflammation
Acute inflammation - ✔✔-the immediate and early response to an
injurious agent
-lasts a few minutes to several days and is characterized by exudation
(slow escape) of fluid and plasma components and emigration of
leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils) into the extravascular tissues
-involves the vascular and cellular stages
Chronic inflammation - ✔✔-lasts for days to years, and is associated
with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, proliferation of
blood vessels, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
,Vascular phase - ✔✔-the first stage of acute inflammation
characterized by changes in the small blood vessels at the site of injury,
which is marked by tissue edema
-begins with momentary vasoconstriction followed rapidly by
vasodilation (causes heat and redness)
-this increase vascular permeability and protein rich fluid (exudate)
flows into the extravascular spaces
-the loss of proteins reduces capillary osmotic pressure and increases
interstitial osmotic pressure
-an increase in capillary pressure causes an outflow of fluid that
accumulates in the tissue spaces causing swelling, pain, and impaired
function
-as fluid leaves the vessels the blood clots due to stagnation of flow
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
, Cellular phase - ✔✔-the second stage of acute inflammation, marked
by changes in epithelial cells lining the vasculature and movement of
phagocytic leukocytes into the area of injury or infection
-includes these sequence of events: leukocyte margination and
adhesion to the endothelium, transmigration across the endothelium,
chemotaxis, and activation and phagocytosis
endothelial cells - ✔✔- cells in the thick lining of blood vessels that
form a selectively permeable barrier between the blood in vessels and
surrounding tissues
-these cells produce antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents to keep the
vessel patent and vasodilators and vasoconstrictors to regulate blood
flow
-they also provide a selectively permeable barrier to inflammatory
stimuli, modulate immune responses through synthesis and release of
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]
inflammation - ✔✔the reaction of vascularized tissues to injury
-localizes and eliminates microbes, foreign particles, and abnormal cells
and paves the way for repair of injured tissue
-conditions that involve this end in -itis
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation - ✔✔Loss of function
redness
swelling
heat
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
,pain
acute-phase response - ✔✔-the systemic manifestations that may
occur during acute inflammation
Acute inflammation - ✔✔-the immediate and early response to an
injurious agent
-lasts a few minutes to several days and is characterized by exudation
(slow escape) of fluid and plasma components and emigration of
leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils) into the extravascular tissues
-involves the vascular and cellular stages
Chronic inflammation - ✔✔-lasts for days to years, and is associated
with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, proliferation of
blood vessels, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
,Vascular phase - ✔✔-the first stage of acute inflammation
characterized by changes in the small blood vessels at the site of injury,
which is marked by tissue edema
-begins with momentary vasoconstriction followed rapidly by
vasodilation (causes heat and redness)
-this increase vascular permeability and protein rich fluid (exudate)
flows into the extravascular spaces
-the loss of proteins reduces capillary osmotic pressure and increases
interstitial osmotic pressure
-an increase in capillary pressure causes an outflow of fluid that
accumulates in the tissue spaces causing swelling, pain, and impaired
function
-as fluid leaves the vessels the blood clots due to stagnation of flow
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
, Cellular phase - ✔✔-the second stage of acute inflammation, marked
by changes in epithelial cells lining the vasculature and movement of
phagocytic leukocytes into the area of injury or infection
-includes these sequence of events: leukocyte margination and
adhesion to the endothelium, transmigration across the endothelium,
chemotaxis, and activation and phagocytosis
endothelial cells - ✔✔- cells in the thick lining of blood vessels that
form a selectively permeable barrier between the blood in vessels and
surrounding tissues
-these cells produce antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents to keep the
vessel patent and vasodilators and vasoconstrictors to regulate blood
flow
-they also provide a selectively permeable barrier to inflammatory
stimuli, modulate immune responses through synthesis and release of
©morren2024/2025.Year published 2024.
