"VLSI Design: Principles, Techniques, and Applications in Modern Electronics"

VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)typically cover 1. Introduction to VLSI - Evolution of VLSI technology - Moore's Law and scaling - Applications of VLSI in modern electronics 2. Digital VLSI Design - CMOS technology and logic design - Basic building blocks: gates, multiplexers, flip-flops - Combinational and sequential logic design - Arithmetic circuits (adders, multipliers, ALUs) 3. Analog VLSI Design - Analog components: amplifiers, oscillators, filters - Mixed-signal circuits (ADCs, DACs) - Noise and power management 4. VLSI Design Flow - Specification - High-Level Design - RTL (Register Transfer Level) design - Synthesis - Physical design (layout, placement, and routing) - Verification and testing 5. Fabrication Process - Semiconductor materials and wafer fabrication - Photolithography and etching - Deposition and doping processes - Packaging and assembly 6. CMOS Technology - CMOS logic and its advantages - NMOS and PMOS transistors - Static and dynamic power consumption - Scaling and challenges in submicron technologies 7. Design Tools and Languages - Hardware Description Languages (HDLs): Verilog, VHDL - CAD tools: SPICE, Synopsys, Cadence, Mentor Graphics - Simulation, synthesis, and layout tools