Unit 4: Chemical Bonding
Ionic Bonding + Properties: Covalent Bonding + Metallic Bonding +
- Transfer of valence Properties: Properties:
electrons to create - Atoms share an - Equal sharing of
an ionic compound. electron pair to fulfill electrons in all
- Held together by the octet rule directions
electrostatic charges - Occurs between two - Occurs between two
- Usually between a nonmetals metals
metal and non-metal - Soft + easy to crush - Malleable + Ductile
- Rigid and Brittle - Low melting point - High melting point
- High melting point - Structure: Molecular - Structure: Electron
- Structure: Crystal Shapes Sea
Lattice - Physical State: Liquid - Physical State: Solid
- Physical State: Solid or Gas - Conductibility: Good
- Conductibility: Good - Conductibility: Poor
Lewis Dot Structures:
Lewis Dot Structures are a way to draw non metal molecular compounds. The steps on how
to draw these are as follows:
Single Element Diagrams:
1. Write the element symbol
2. For each valence electron(VE) of the element draw a dot around the element in
one of four regions as pictured to the right, in a clockwise motion.
Two Element Diagrams:
1. Count the number of valence electrons between the two elements
2. Write the element symbols and connect with a single bond (2VE)
3. Assign any leftover valence electrons to the elements
4. Lastly, check if any of the VE lone paris(dots) need to be bonded or if both
elements have fulfilled the octet rule.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion(VSEPR) + Molecular Geometry:
- Electron geometry and Bond angles are ideas that come from a modeling theory of
molecules known as VSEPR. VSEPR refers to the idea that all electron domains repel
each other, therefore VSEPR helps scientists draw and understand molecules better.
- To determine a molecules molecular geometry the
chart to the right can be used after identifying the
amount of bonding domains and lone pairs the
molecule has. For example, if the molecule had
3 bonding domains and no lone pairs it could be
classified as Trigonal Planar.
Formal Charge:
- Formal Charge is a bookkeeping system that can be used to analyze Lewis Dot
Structures. The goal is to have a formal charge of zero. The following equation is used.
- (valence electrons) - (electrons assigned to the atoms in the structure)
Ionic Bonding + Properties: Covalent Bonding + Metallic Bonding +
- Transfer of valence Properties: Properties:
electrons to create - Atoms share an - Equal sharing of
an ionic compound. electron pair to fulfill electrons in all
- Held together by the octet rule directions
electrostatic charges - Occurs between two - Occurs between two
- Usually between a nonmetals metals
metal and non-metal - Soft + easy to crush - Malleable + Ductile
- Rigid and Brittle - Low melting point - High melting point
- High melting point - Structure: Molecular - Structure: Electron
- Structure: Crystal Shapes Sea
Lattice - Physical State: Liquid - Physical State: Solid
- Physical State: Solid or Gas - Conductibility: Good
- Conductibility: Good - Conductibility: Poor
Lewis Dot Structures:
Lewis Dot Structures are a way to draw non metal molecular compounds. The steps on how
to draw these are as follows:
Single Element Diagrams:
1. Write the element symbol
2. For each valence electron(VE) of the element draw a dot around the element in
one of four regions as pictured to the right, in a clockwise motion.
Two Element Diagrams:
1. Count the number of valence electrons between the two elements
2. Write the element symbols and connect with a single bond (2VE)
3. Assign any leftover valence electrons to the elements
4. Lastly, check if any of the VE lone paris(dots) need to be bonded or if both
elements have fulfilled the octet rule.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion(VSEPR) + Molecular Geometry:
- Electron geometry and Bond angles are ideas that come from a modeling theory of
molecules known as VSEPR. VSEPR refers to the idea that all electron domains repel
each other, therefore VSEPR helps scientists draw and understand molecules better.
- To determine a molecules molecular geometry the
chart to the right can be used after identifying the
amount of bonding domains and lone pairs the
molecule has. For example, if the molecule had
3 bonding domains and no lone pairs it could be
classified as Trigonal Planar.
Formal Charge:
- Formal Charge is a bookkeeping system that can be used to analyze Lewis Dot
Structures. The goal is to have a formal charge of zero. The following equation is used.
- (valence electrons) - (electrons assigned to the atoms in the structure)
