MBA 704 chapter 13&14 UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Warren Bennis - CORRECT ANSWER - -"effective leadership cannot exist without the
full inclusion, initiatives and the cooperation of employees;" one cannot be a great leader without
great followers
Barry Posner - CORRECT ANSWER - -"leaders need to be human"
Difference between leaders & managers - CORRECT ANSWER - Leaders conquer the
context-the volatile, turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against
us and will surely suffocate us if we let them-while managers surrender to it"
Authentic Leaders - CORRECT ANSWER - -Luthans & Colleagues: "to know oneself, to
be consistent with oneself, and to have positive and strength-based orientations toward one's
development and the development of others."
-Bill George: "bring people together around a shared mission and values and empower them to
lead in order to serve their customers while creating value for all their stakeholders."
Iowa Leadership Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - -Late 1930s by Ronald Lippitt & Ralph
K. White under general direction of Kurt Lwin at University of Iowa
-Three different styles of leadership: authoritarian (strict/no participation) , democratic
(encouraged group collaboration) , laissez-faire (complete freedom)
-Experiments were designed to examine patterns in aggressive behavior and productive behavior
of the group based on the leadership style
-Conclusion: different styles of leadership can produce different, complex reactions from the
same or similar groups
Ohio State Leadership Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - -Two dimensions of leadership:
1. Consideration= recognition of individual needs and relationships
2. Initiating structure= task or goal orientation
,--Studies show only how leaders carry out their leadership function
-Two-dimensional approach lessened the gap between the strict task orientation of the scientific
management movement and the human relations emphasis
-Multilevel leadership: person, dyad, group, and collective/community
Early Michigan Leadership Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - -Conduced around same
time as the Ohio State studies
-Results: Supervisors of high-producing section were more general rather than close in their
supervisory styles and be employee-centered; whereas, supervisors in low-producing sections
were close, production-centered.
-Employee satisfaction is NOT directly related to productivity, the type of supervision was key to
performance.
**General, employee-centered supervisor= standard-bearer for the traditional human relations
approach to leadership
Great person theory of leadership - CORRECT ANSWER - -Some individuals are born
with certain traits that allow them to emerge out of any situation or period of history to become
leaders
-Avolio & Luthans: leadership is affect by BOTH nature (genetics) and nurture (development)
Trait theory of Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER - -Identifying the personality traits of
the leader
-Biggest problems facing managers: they think they know what the qualities of a successful
leader; yet almost any adjective can be used to describe a successful leader
-"Big Five" personality traits led to strong empirical support for the leader trait perspective
Situational approach - CORRECT ANSWER - -Initially called "Zeitgeist;" German for
"spirit of the time"
-The leader is viewed as a product of the time and the situation; the person with the particular
qualities or traits that a situation requires will emerge as a leader
-Serves as the basis for situational/"contingency"/contextual theories of leadership
, Traits to States and Skills Development - CORRECT ANSWER - -Positive Organizational
Behavior (POB) aids in understanding and developing leadership
--Optimism, hope, resiliency, emotional intelligence, and especially self-efficacy are related to
effective leaders
-Skill development: Yukl- creativity, organization, persuasiveness, diplomacy and tactfulness,
knowledge of the task, and the ability to speak well.
-Study of leader "competencies"
1. Drive
2. Leadership motivation
3. Integrity
4. Self-confidence
5. Intelligence
6. Knowledge of the business
7. Emotional Intelligence
Group and Exchange Theories of Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER - -There must be a
positive exchange between the leaders and followers in order for group goals to be
accomplished.
-Leadership is an exchange process between the leader and followers.
-Followers affect leaders and their behaviors as much as leaders and their behaviors affect
followers.
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model - CORRECT ANSWER - -Leaders treat
individual followers differently; leaders & their associates develop dyadic (two-person)
relationships that affect the behavior of both
-Leaders will develop "in-group" of associates and an "out-group" of associates and treat them
accordingly
-Graen & Uhl-Bien stages of LMX:
1. Discovery of differentiated dyads
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Warren Bennis - CORRECT ANSWER - -"effective leadership cannot exist without the
full inclusion, initiatives and the cooperation of employees;" one cannot be a great leader without
great followers
Barry Posner - CORRECT ANSWER - -"leaders need to be human"
Difference between leaders & managers - CORRECT ANSWER - Leaders conquer the
context-the volatile, turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against
us and will surely suffocate us if we let them-while managers surrender to it"
Authentic Leaders - CORRECT ANSWER - -Luthans & Colleagues: "to know oneself, to
be consistent with oneself, and to have positive and strength-based orientations toward one's
development and the development of others."
-Bill George: "bring people together around a shared mission and values and empower them to
lead in order to serve their customers while creating value for all their stakeholders."
Iowa Leadership Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - -Late 1930s by Ronald Lippitt & Ralph
K. White under general direction of Kurt Lwin at University of Iowa
-Three different styles of leadership: authoritarian (strict/no participation) , democratic
(encouraged group collaboration) , laissez-faire (complete freedom)
-Experiments were designed to examine patterns in aggressive behavior and productive behavior
of the group based on the leadership style
-Conclusion: different styles of leadership can produce different, complex reactions from the
same or similar groups
Ohio State Leadership Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - -Two dimensions of leadership:
1. Consideration= recognition of individual needs and relationships
2. Initiating structure= task or goal orientation
,--Studies show only how leaders carry out their leadership function
-Two-dimensional approach lessened the gap between the strict task orientation of the scientific
management movement and the human relations emphasis
-Multilevel leadership: person, dyad, group, and collective/community
Early Michigan Leadership Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - -Conduced around same
time as the Ohio State studies
-Results: Supervisors of high-producing section were more general rather than close in their
supervisory styles and be employee-centered; whereas, supervisors in low-producing sections
were close, production-centered.
-Employee satisfaction is NOT directly related to productivity, the type of supervision was key to
performance.
**General, employee-centered supervisor= standard-bearer for the traditional human relations
approach to leadership
Great person theory of leadership - CORRECT ANSWER - -Some individuals are born
with certain traits that allow them to emerge out of any situation or period of history to become
leaders
-Avolio & Luthans: leadership is affect by BOTH nature (genetics) and nurture (development)
Trait theory of Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER - -Identifying the personality traits of
the leader
-Biggest problems facing managers: they think they know what the qualities of a successful
leader; yet almost any adjective can be used to describe a successful leader
-"Big Five" personality traits led to strong empirical support for the leader trait perspective
Situational approach - CORRECT ANSWER - -Initially called "Zeitgeist;" German for
"spirit of the time"
-The leader is viewed as a product of the time and the situation; the person with the particular
qualities or traits that a situation requires will emerge as a leader
-Serves as the basis for situational/"contingency"/contextual theories of leadership
, Traits to States and Skills Development - CORRECT ANSWER - -Positive Organizational
Behavior (POB) aids in understanding and developing leadership
--Optimism, hope, resiliency, emotional intelligence, and especially self-efficacy are related to
effective leaders
-Skill development: Yukl- creativity, organization, persuasiveness, diplomacy and tactfulness,
knowledge of the task, and the ability to speak well.
-Study of leader "competencies"
1. Drive
2. Leadership motivation
3. Integrity
4. Self-confidence
5. Intelligence
6. Knowledge of the business
7. Emotional Intelligence
Group and Exchange Theories of Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER - -There must be a
positive exchange between the leaders and followers in order for group goals to be
accomplished.
-Leadership is an exchange process between the leader and followers.
-Followers affect leaders and their behaviors as much as leaders and their behaviors affect
followers.
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model - CORRECT ANSWER - -Leaders treat
individual followers differently; leaders & their associates develop dyadic (two-person)
relationships that affect the behavior of both
-Leaders will develop "in-group" of associates and an "out-group" of associates and treat them
accordingly
-Graen & Uhl-Bien stages of LMX:
1. Discovery of differentiated dyads
