NR 283
Pathophysiology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is the primary cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic predisposition
- B. Air pollution
- C. Smoking
- D. Occupational exposure
- ANS: C. Smoking
- Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD,
contributing to the majority of cases.
2. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Alcohol abuse
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Medications
- ANS: A. Gallstones
- Rationale: Gallstones are the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis, followed by alcohol abuse.
©2024/2025
,3. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in patients
with nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
- ANS: B. Proteinuria
- Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by
significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The primary neurotransmitter involved in the pathophysiology
of Parkinson's disease is __________.
- ANS: Dopamine
- Rationale: Dopamine deficiency in the brain is a key factor
in the development of Parkinson's disease.
5. The most common type of stroke is __________ stroke.
- ANS: Ischemic
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Ischemic strokes account for approximately 87%
of all stroke cases.
True/False Questions
6. True or False: Hypertension is a major risk factor for the
development of atherosclerosis.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hypertension contributes to the development and
progression of atherosclerosis by damaging the arterial walls.
7. True or False: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by
insulin resistance.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
Multiple Response Questions
8. Which of the following are common symptoms of
hyperthyroidism? (Select all that apply)
- A. Weight gain
©2024/2025
Pathophysiology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is the primary cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic predisposition
- B. Air pollution
- C. Smoking
- D. Occupational exposure
- ANS: C. Smoking
- Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD,
contributing to the majority of cases.
2. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Alcohol abuse
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Medications
- ANS: A. Gallstones
- Rationale: Gallstones are the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis, followed by alcohol abuse.
©2024/2025
,3. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in patients
with nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
- ANS: B. Proteinuria
- Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by
significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The primary neurotransmitter involved in the pathophysiology
of Parkinson's disease is __________.
- ANS: Dopamine
- Rationale: Dopamine deficiency in the brain is a key factor
in the development of Parkinson's disease.
5. The most common type of stroke is __________ stroke.
- ANS: Ischemic
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Ischemic strokes account for approximately 87%
of all stroke cases.
True/False Questions
6. True or False: Hypertension is a major risk factor for the
development of atherosclerosis.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hypertension contributes to the development and
progression of atherosclerosis by damaging the arterial walls.
7. True or False: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by
insulin resistance.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
Multiple Response Questions
8. Which of the following are common symptoms of
hyperthyroidism? (Select all that apply)
- A. Weight gain
©2024/2025
