Lecture notes environmental sciences (che223)

Study unit 4
POPULATION GROWTH AND ECOSYSTEM
The study of Population growth and the development of Cities and their
relationship with the environment

, Population,
Urbanization, and
Ecology
The study of Population growth and the development of Cities
and their relationship with the environment

, Demographic Theories
1. Thomas Malthus held that population increases more quickly than fo
supply.
2. Karl Marx insisted that an excess of population is related to the
availability of employment opportunities, not to a fixed supply of foo
3. Neo-Malthusians agree with many of Malthus’ ideas, but favor
contraception for population control.
4. Demographic transition theory holds that the process of modernizati
is associated with three stages in population change:
1.high potential growth, transitional growth, and population stabili
Fertility reduction policies are based on
1.family planning,
2.a developmentalist strategy
3.or a societalist perspective.

, Population
Demography is the science dealing with the size,
distribution, composition, and changes in population.
All population change within a society can be reduced
three factors:
• the birth rate,
• the death rate, and
• the migration rate into or out of the society.