ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
NURS 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY 2024-2025 SPRING QTR ACTUAL
MIDTERM EXAM VERION 1-3.
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the
nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis?
Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport?
Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has
92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
Answer: Tetraploidy
,Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism
A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal, does not
produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH
Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential
from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which
of the following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking
for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
, How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell
injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include
a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained?
Answer: Nucleolus
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium
parathyroid glands responsible for regulating levels.
metabolism, temperature
Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in , regulation and growth
and development
iodine
Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without
slows
Addison's disease has secretion of cortisol and aldosterone
Need to ADD some steroids
syndrome
Cushing is when an outside cause results in too much production of cortisol, like
treatment with steroids
disease
NURS 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY 2024-2025 SPRING QTR ACTUAL
MIDTERM EXAM VERION 1-3.
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the
nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis?
Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport?
Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has
92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
Answer: Tetraploidy
,Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism
A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal, does not
produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH
Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential
from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which
of the following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking
for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
, How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell
injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include
a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained?
Answer: Nucleolus
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium
parathyroid glands responsible for regulating levels.
metabolism, temperature
Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in , regulation and growth
and development
iodine
Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without
slows
Addison's disease has secretion of cortisol and aldosterone
Need to ADD some steroids
syndrome
Cushing is when an outside cause results in too much production of cortisol, like
treatment with steroids
disease
