NR 503 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sensitivity - Answer-the test ability to yield a positive result when the person actually
has a condition disorder or disease
Specificity - Answer-the test ability to yield a negative result when a person does not
have a condition
Gold standard - Answer-test with 100% sensitivity and specificity
Positive predictive value - Answer-the probability of a person actually having a disease
when the test or diagnosis test is positive
Negative predictive value - Answer-the probability of a person being free of disease the
disease when the screening test or diagnostic test is negative
clinical significant - Answer-referring to the result that have clinical significance
likelihood ratio - Answer-combined sensitivity and specificity data to help the collection
edition quantify how much the odds of a disease changed based on a positive or
negative test result.
TP/(TP+FP) - Answer-Positive predictive value (PPV)
TN/(TN+FN) - Answer-Negative predictive value equation (NPV)
sensitivity / (1-specificity) - Answer-likelihood ratio (LR)
TP/(TP+FN) - Answer-sensitivity formula
TN / (TN+FP) - Answer-specificity formula
Validity - Answer-The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
validity is based on both ____________+_____________. - Answer-specificity and
sensitivity
continuous variables - Answer-not positive or negative occur on a continuum such as
blood glucose.
two stage screening - Answer-when a less sensitive first test or specific test is used
Austin AWS lower cost for less risk to the patient.
, Define PPV - Answer--% of time there is a true positive result of the obtained positive
results for a population (How many of the positive tests are true positives)
Define NPV - Answer--% of time there is a true negative result of the obtained negative
results for a disease in question (how many negative tests are true negatives)
good test characteristics - Answer-valid, reliable, cost-effective, improve patient
outcomes.
descriptive epidemiology can be called - Answer-natural history of disease
three elements of natural history of disease - Answer-difference, similarities, correlation
of key areas.
descriptive epidemiology is passive or active - Answer-passive
descriptive epidemiology uses ___________ & ___________ - Answer-Case by case,
database
list 6 steps hierarchy of evidence ascending - Answer-expert, case series, case control,
cohort, random, systematic review
transmission of disease - Answer-movement of pathogen from one host to another
epidemiological triad - Answer-agent, host, environment
incubation period - Answer-interval between initial infection and first signs and
symptoms
colonization - Answer-
infectious / communicable period - Answer-time during which the host can infect another
host
modes of transmission - Answer-Direct or Indirect contact; Direct can be skin to skin or
soil to skin and also droplet spread by sneezing, coughing or talking; Indirect can be by
vector (insect), vehicle (water, biologic product, fomites) or airborne.
Reservoir host - Answer-The organism that becomes infected by a pathogen and serves
as a source of transfer of the pathogen to others
healthy people 2020 - Answer-A set of disease prevention and health promotion
objectives for Americans to meet during the second decade of the new millennium.
Primary Prevention - Answer-Refers to preventing disease before it occurs.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sensitivity - Answer-the test ability to yield a positive result when the person actually
has a condition disorder or disease
Specificity - Answer-the test ability to yield a negative result when a person does not
have a condition
Gold standard - Answer-test with 100% sensitivity and specificity
Positive predictive value - Answer-the probability of a person actually having a disease
when the test or diagnosis test is positive
Negative predictive value - Answer-the probability of a person being free of disease the
disease when the screening test or diagnostic test is negative
clinical significant - Answer-referring to the result that have clinical significance
likelihood ratio - Answer-combined sensitivity and specificity data to help the collection
edition quantify how much the odds of a disease changed based on a positive or
negative test result.
TP/(TP+FP) - Answer-Positive predictive value (PPV)
TN/(TN+FN) - Answer-Negative predictive value equation (NPV)
sensitivity / (1-specificity) - Answer-likelihood ratio (LR)
TP/(TP+FN) - Answer-sensitivity formula
TN / (TN+FP) - Answer-specificity formula
Validity - Answer-The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
validity is based on both ____________+_____________. - Answer-specificity and
sensitivity
continuous variables - Answer-not positive or negative occur on a continuum such as
blood glucose.
two stage screening - Answer-when a less sensitive first test or specific test is used
Austin AWS lower cost for less risk to the patient.
, Define PPV - Answer--% of time there is a true positive result of the obtained positive
results for a population (How many of the positive tests are true positives)
Define NPV - Answer--% of time there is a true negative result of the obtained negative
results for a disease in question (how many negative tests are true negatives)
good test characteristics - Answer-valid, reliable, cost-effective, improve patient
outcomes.
descriptive epidemiology can be called - Answer-natural history of disease
three elements of natural history of disease - Answer-difference, similarities, correlation
of key areas.
descriptive epidemiology is passive or active - Answer-passive
descriptive epidemiology uses ___________ & ___________ - Answer-Case by case,
database
list 6 steps hierarchy of evidence ascending - Answer-expert, case series, case control,
cohort, random, systematic review
transmission of disease - Answer-movement of pathogen from one host to another
epidemiological triad - Answer-agent, host, environment
incubation period - Answer-interval between initial infection and first signs and
symptoms
colonization - Answer-
infectious / communicable period - Answer-time during which the host can infect another
host
modes of transmission - Answer-Direct or Indirect contact; Direct can be skin to skin or
soil to skin and also droplet spread by sneezing, coughing or talking; Indirect can be by
vector (insect), vehicle (water, biologic product, fomites) or airborne.
Reservoir host - Answer-The organism that becomes infected by a pathogen and serves
as a source of transfer of the pathogen to others
healthy people 2020 - Answer-A set of disease prevention and health promotion
objectives for Americans to meet during the second decade of the new millennium.
Primary Prevention - Answer-Refers to preventing disease before it occurs.
