NR 503 study guide midterm exam
questions with correct answers
causation - Answer-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the
changes in another variable.
tertiary intervention - Answer-rehabilitation to the highest level of functioning
(prevents disease from getting worse)
Provider determining to use a screening test? - Answer-used to reduce
morbidity/mortality by detecting diseases early. (pap smear, mammogram, ect)
Determined by: -Sensitivity and specificity are measures of a test's ability to correctly
classify a person as having a disease or not having a disease. Predictive Value: the
probability of having the disease.
Found at: CDC
how is descriptive epidemiology used? - Answer-investigates health problem, used to
change natural HX of disease, tracked by database
Causation - Answer-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the
changes in another variable.
surveillance - Answer-Used to monitor changes typically with infectious disease and is
used for ongoing systematic collection
Determinants of health - Answer-the range of personal,
social,
economic
, and environmental factors that influence health status
association - Answer-a group of people who have gathered based on similar goals or
beliefs
Case-control study - Answer-individuals with the diseases (cases) are compared to
individuals without the disease (controls)
Case-Control Strengths - Answer--Great for rare disease/condition
-Important in understanding new diseases
-inexpensive and shorter
-Need small sample
, Case Control Weakness - Answer-- risk of bias
- measurement error
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) - Answer-- subjects in a population are randomly
allocated into control groups
-to receive or not receive an experimental intervention.
- The results are assessed by rigorous comparison of rates of disease, death, recovery
-RCTs are generally regarded as the most rigorous method of hypothesis testing
Randomize Control Trial Strengths - Answer-- Minimal Bias
- Controls intervention/Treatment
Randomized Control Trial Weakness - Answer-- Costly
- Lengthy
- Labor Intensive
cohort study - Answer-a group of exposed individuals and a group of non-exposed
individuals are followed over time to determine the incidence of disease
Cohort Study Strengths - Answer-- Useful when the exposure is rare.
- Can examine multiple effects of a single exposure.
- If prospective, minimizes bias in the ascertainment of exposure.
- Allows direct measure of incidence of disease in the exposed an unexposed groups.
Cohort Study Weaknesses - Answer-- Inefficient for the evaluation of rare diseases
unless attributable risk percent is high.
- If prospective, can be extremely expensive and time consuming.
- Potential bias in ascertainment of exposure, particularly if retrospective.
- Potential bias in ascertainment of disease status (exposed may be actively seeking
treatment).
Recruitment Methods - Answer-specific means used to attract potential employees to
the firm
questions with correct answers
causation - Answer-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the
changes in another variable.
tertiary intervention - Answer-rehabilitation to the highest level of functioning
(prevents disease from getting worse)
Provider determining to use a screening test? - Answer-used to reduce
morbidity/mortality by detecting diseases early. (pap smear, mammogram, ect)
Determined by: -Sensitivity and specificity are measures of a test's ability to correctly
classify a person as having a disease or not having a disease. Predictive Value: the
probability of having the disease.
Found at: CDC
how is descriptive epidemiology used? - Answer-investigates health problem, used to
change natural HX of disease, tracked by database
Causation - Answer-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the
changes in another variable.
surveillance - Answer-Used to monitor changes typically with infectious disease and is
used for ongoing systematic collection
Determinants of health - Answer-the range of personal,
social,
economic
, and environmental factors that influence health status
association - Answer-a group of people who have gathered based on similar goals or
beliefs
Case-control study - Answer-individuals with the diseases (cases) are compared to
individuals without the disease (controls)
Case-Control Strengths - Answer--Great for rare disease/condition
-Important in understanding new diseases
-inexpensive and shorter
-Need small sample
, Case Control Weakness - Answer-- risk of bias
- measurement error
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) - Answer-- subjects in a population are randomly
allocated into control groups
-to receive or not receive an experimental intervention.
- The results are assessed by rigorous comparison of rates of disease, death, recovery
-RCTs are generally regarded as the most rigorous method of hypothesis testing
Randomize Control Trial Strengths - Answer-- Minimal Bias
- Controls intervention/Treatment
Randomized Control Trial Weakness - Answer-- Costly
- Lengthy
- Labor Intensive
cohort study - Answer-a group of exposed individuals and a group of non-exposed
individuals are followed over time to determine the incidence of disease
Cohort Study Strengths - Answer-- Useful when the exposure is rare.
- Can examine multiple effects of a single exposure.
- If prospective, minimizes bias in the ascertainment of exposure.
- Allows direct measure of incidence of disease in the exposed an unexposed groups.
Cohort Study Weaknesses - Answer-- Inefficient for the evaluation of rare diseases
unless attributable risk percent is high.
- If prospective, can be extremely expensive and time consuming.
- Potential bias in ascertainment of exposure, particularly if retrospective.
- Potential bias in ascertainment of disease status (exposed may be actively seeking
treatment).
Recruitment Methods - Answer-specific means used to attract potential employees to
the firm
