NR 503 Exam Questions with Complete
Answers (Rated A+)
Vital statistics - Answer-# Birth rates, death rates, . Quantitative data
Social justice - Answer-Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunity, and
privileges within a society
Health inequalities - Answer-Differences in health status or in the distribution of health
determinants between different populations
morbidity - Answer-the rate of disease in a population
mortality - Answer-the # of deaths in a given period for a particular disease
Cases - Answer-an instance of disease or problem
Determinants of health - Answer-personal, social, economic, and environmental factors
that influence health status
Risk analysis - Answer-process of identifying and analyzing potential issues that
negatively impact health
Campaign for Action - Answer-Transforming health care through nursing. Goals are
based on IOM. Future of nursing report works on 7 major interrelated issues
Descriptive epidemiology - Answer-covers time, place, and person. epidemiologist can
identify areas or groups within the population that have high rates of disease.
Rates - Answer-knowledge of how illness and injury are distributed within a population.
Useful in identifying trends and evaluate outcomes and can allow for comparisons within
and between groups
Rate equation - Answer-# of events that occur during specified time divided by the
average population at risk and then multiplied by a constant
Period prevalence rate - Answer-Measures the # of cases of a disease during a specific
period of time and is the measure of burden. All new cases and old cases are included
Point prevalence rate - Answer-# of casns of disease at a specific point in time
Case fatality rates - Answer-measure of severity of disease (infectious diseases). Not a
true rate, is the measurement of the probability of death among diagnosed cases. Helps
determine when to use a screening tool.
, 5 W's of descriptive epidemiology - Answer-What, Who, Where, When, Why/How
Secular graphs - Answer-shows long term trends in the occurrence of disease
Seasonality - Answer-Shows a seasonal pattern of disease. Can suggest how an
infection is transmitted
Epidemic curve - Answer-Show a disease or outbreak over time
Age - Answer-single most important "person" attribute
Epidemiological triad - Answer-External agent, host, environment
Causation - Answer-the relationship between cause and effect. The action of causing
something, the capacity of one variable to influence another
Causative factors - Answer-intrinsic and extrinsic
Case Control study - Answer-investigator identifies a group of individuals with the
attribute of interest (case) and compares to a group without the attribute of interest
(control). Retrospective
Case Control study strengths - Answer-inexpensive, relatively quick, able to study
variables with long latency or impact period, able to calculate odds ratio, able to study
rare or fatal diseases, can study multiple exposures
Cohort Study - Answer-Can be prospective or retrospective. Selects a group of exposed
individuals and compares to nonexposed individuals
Cohort study strengths - Answer-able to identify confounding variables, able to control
exposure, able to calculate relative risk and attributable risk, can study multiple
outcomes
Cohort study weaknesses - Answer-labor intensive, costly, lengthy
Case control study weaknesses - Answer-risk of bias and confounding variables,
sometimes unable to measure or determine exposure, selection bias, measurement
error, recall bias, cannot assess risk
Relative Risk - Answer-incidence rate in the exposed group divided by the incidence
rate in the nonexposed group
RR = 1 - Answer-The risk in the 2 groups is equal
RR > 1 - Answer-Risk in exposed group is greater than nonexposed group
Answers (Rated A+)
Vital statistics - Answer-# Birth rates, death rates, . Quantitative data
Social justice - Answer-Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunity, and
privileges within a society
Health inequalities - Answer-Differences in health status or in the distribution of health
determinants between different populations
morbidity - Answer-the rate of disease in a population
mortality - Answer-the # of deaths in a given period for a particular disease
Cases - Answer-an instance of disease or problem
Determinants of health - Answer-personal, social, economic, and environmental factors
that influence health status
Risk analysis - Answer-process of identifying and analyzing potential issues that
negatively impact health
Campaign for Action - Answer-Transforming health care through nursing. Goals are
based on IOM. Future of nursing report works on 7 major interrelated issues
Descriptive epidemiology - Answer-covers time, place, and person. epidemiologist can
identify areas or groups within the population that have high rates of disease.
Rates - Answer-knowledge of how illness and injury are distributed within a population.
Useful in identifying trends and evaluate outcomes and can allow for comparisons within
and between groups
Rate equation - Answer-# of events that occur during specified time divided by the
average population at risk and then multiplied by a constant
Period prevalence rate - Answer-Measures the # of cases of a disease during a specific
period of time and is the measure of burden. All new cases and old cases are included
Point prevalence rate - Answer-# of casns of disease at a specific point in time
Case fatality rates - Answer-measure of severity of disease (infectious diseases). Not a
true rate, is the measurement of the probability of death among diagnosed cases. Helps
determine when to use a screening tool.
, 5 W's of descriptive epidemiology - Answer-What, Who, Where, When, Why/How
Secular graphs - Answer-shows long term trends in the occurrence of disease
Seasonality - Answer-Shows a seasonal pattern of disease. Can suggest how an
infection is transmitted
Epidemic curve - Answer-Show a disease or outbreak over time
Age - Answer-single most important "person" attribute
Epidemiological triad - Answer-External agent, host, environment
Causation - Answer-the relationship between cause and effect. The action of causing
something, the capacity of one variable to influence another
Causative factors - Answer-intrinsic and extrinsic
Case Control study - Answer-investigator identifies a group of individuals with the
attribute of interest (case) and compares to a group without the attribute of interest
(control). Retrospective
Case Control study strengths - Answer-inexpensive, relatively quick, able to study
variables with long latency or impact period, able to calculate odds ratio, able to study
rare or fatal diseases, can study multiple exposures
Cohort Study - Answer-Can be prospective or retrospective. Selects a group of exposed
individuals and compares to nonexposed individuals
Cohort study strengths - Answer-able to identify confounding variables, able to control
exposure, able to calculate relative risk and attributable risk, can study multiple
outcomes
Cohort study weaknesses - Answer-labor intensive, costly, lengthy
Case control study weaknesses - Answer-risk of bias and confounding variables,
sometimes unable to measure or determine exposure, selection bias, measurement
error, recall bias, cannot assess risk
Relative Risk - Answer-incidence rate in the exposed group divided by the incidence
rate in the nonexposed group
RR = 1 - Answer-The risk in the 2 groups is equal
RR > 1 - Answer-Risk in exposed group is greater than nonexposed group
