503 Final exam Questions and Answers
True or False? The existence of a dose-response relationship, that is, an increase in
disease risk with an increase in the amount of exposure, does not support the view that
an association is a causal one. - Answer-False
According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of
disease and the host interact is called the period of: - Answer-Prepathogenesis pg 98
True or False? John Cassel argued that the agent, host, and environment triad provided
an adequate explanation for chronic diseases of non-infectious origin. - Answer-False
Using epidemiology for operational research involves: - Answer-study of community
health services
True or False? The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a continuing probability
survey of physicians who practice in public settings such as V.A. centers. - Answer-
False
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a
proportion)? - Answer-Male births/Female births
True or False? The crude death rate is defined as the number of deaths each year
divided by a reference population (during mid-point of the year) multiplied by 100,000. -
Answer-True
The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the
prevalence shows no sex difference. The most likely explanation is that: - Answer-the
duration of the disease is greater in women.
True or False? A prerequisite for using direct age adjustment is that the age-specific
death rates in the study population must be stable. - Answer-True
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of
100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular
year:
The crude death rate for all causes was: - Answer-900/100,000 x 100,000
The major disadvantage of crude rates is that: - Answer-they do not permit comparison
of populations that vary in composition
True or False? The point prevalence of a disease is defined as the number of persons ill
divided by the total number in the group at a point in time. - Answer-True pg 115
, True or False? When the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is
high, the prevalence becomes similar to incidence. - Answer-True
True or False? The incidence rate of a disease is defined as the number of new cases
of the disease over a time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the
same time period times a multiplier (e.g. 100,000). - Answer-True
True or False? The proportional mortality ratio (%) is defined as the mortality due to a
specific cause during a time period divided by the mortality due to all causes during the
same time period times 100. - Answer-True
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of
100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular
year:
-total # of deaths from roller-skating 90
-total #of deaths from all causes 900
The proportional mortality ratio (%) due to roller-skating was: - Answer-90/900 x 100 pg
142
Successful treatment programs that would shorten the duration of a disease primarily
affect: - Answer-the prevalence of disease
Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of
disease and the potency of a causative factor? - Answer-Concomitant variation
True or False? Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to
temporary stressors. - Answer-True
True or False? WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international
variations in rates of disease. - Answer-True
True or False? The three categories of descriptive epidemiologic variables are person,
place, and time. - Answer-True
Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect - Answer-Changes in
exposure to infectious agents
Changes in the risk-taking behavior of persons
Seasonal variations
A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following? - Answer-Negative
Declaration
True or False? The existence of a dose-response relationship, that is, an increase in
disease risk with an increase in the amount of exposure, does not support the view that
an association is a causal one. - Answer-False
According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of
disease and the host interact is called the period of: - Answer-Prepathogenesis pg 98
True or False? John Cassel argued that the agent, host, and environment triad provided
an adequate explanation for chronic diseases of non-infectious origin. - Answer-False
Using epidemiology for operational research involves: - Answer-study of community
health services
True or False? The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a continuing probability
survey of physicians who practice in public settings such as V.A. centers. - Answer-
False
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a
proportion)? - Answer-Male births/Female births
True or False? The crude death rate is defined as the number of deaths each year
divided by a reference population (during mid-point of the year) multiplied by 100,000. -
Answer-True
The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the
prevalence shows no sex difference. The most likely explanation is that: - Answer-the
duration of the disease is greater in women.
True or False? A prerequisite for using direct age adjustment is that the age-specific
death rates in the study population must be stable. - Answer-True
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of
100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular
year:
The crude death rate for all causes was: - Answer-900/100,000 x 100,000
The major disadvantage of crude rates is that: - Answer-they do not permit comparison
of populations that vary in composition
True or False? The point prevalence of a disease is defined as the number of persons ill
divided by the total number in the group at a point in time. - Answer-True pg 115
, True or False? When the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is
high, the prevalence becomes similar to incidence. - Answer-True
True or False? The incidence rate of a disease is defined as the number of new cases
of the disease over a time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the
same time period times a multiplier (e.g. 100,000). - Answer-True
True or False? The proportional mortality ratio (%) is defined as the mortality due to a
specific cause during a time period divided by the mortality due to all causes during the
same time period times 100. - Answer-True
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of
100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular
year:
-total # of deaths from roller-skating 90
-total #of deaths from all causes 900
The proportional mortality ratio (%) due to roller-skating was: - Answer-90/900 x 100 pg
142
Successful treatment programs that would shorten the duration of a disease primarily
affect: - Answer-the prevalence of disease
Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of
disease and the potency of a causative factor? - Answer-Concomitant variation
True or False? Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to
temporary stressors. - Answer-True
True or False? WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international
variations in rates of disease. - Answer-True
True or False? The three categories of descriptive epidemiologic variables are person,
place, and time. - Answer-True
Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect - Answer-Changes in
exposure to infectious agents
Changes in the risk-taking behavior of persons
Seasonal variations
A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following? - Answer-Negative
Declaration
