PLSC Final Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version 2025

PLSC Final Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version 2025 Crony capitalism - Answers corrupt, secretive favors among government officials and businesspeople Gini Index - Answers Measure of inequality ranging from 100 for total inequality to 0 for perfect equality Protestant Ethic - Answers - Weber's theory that religion first ignited capitalism neocolonialism - Answers - Rich-country dominance by indirect, economic means deterrence theory - Answers - Dissuading attack by showing its high costs to the attacker security dilemma- - Answers - Mutually reinforcing negative effects of each nation's efforts to increase defense capabilities détente diplomacy - Answers attempts to relax tensions between hostile countries disarmament - Answers - elimination of existing weapons Clausewitz on escalation - Answers - a tendency to build into the nature of war. He cautions about letting the war escalate to an extreme. Every push yields a pushback asymmetrical warfare - Answers out of balance, as when one country has more power than the other; a conflict in which two sides are unequal relative deprivation- - Answers Theory that unequal wealth motivates underdog groups blood diamond - Answers - a diamond obtained coercively through crime or civil war dumping of products - Answers selling goods abroad for less than it costs to produce them diaspora - Answers national or ethnic group scattered among several countries coup - Answers Extralegal seizure of power, usually by the military; swift replacement of leadership, usually by military forces Brexit - Answers - Informal term for Britain's exit from the EU Pape on terrorism - Answers - Doesn't believe Islam is a prime cause like many often do. Many motives dealt with the desire to ride a country of foreign occupiers. The solution is for foreigners to leave. euro - Answers common EU currency; its value fluctuates but is usually worth more than a dollar pros and cons of trade blocs - Answers - Negative- lock out foreign competition, damage its citizen's prosperity, and retard worldwide growth. Positive- open foreign competition, help poor lands through trade, and raise living standards modernization theory - Answers - Industrialization modernizes the whole society, paving the way for democracy South China Sea - Answers territorial issue (China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Taiwan, all clain territory). China seems to be the primary driver of conflict. The US defends the pillion after repeated harassment. The actions of China are inconsistent with international law and follow a pattern of dangerous operational behavior. Protectionism - Answers - policy of keeping out foreign goods trade surplus - Answers selling more to other countries than you buy from them Keynesian economics - Answers - government spending to boost consumption and fight recessions treaties the US has not signed - Answers treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI. Woodrow Wilson rejected the authority of the League of Nations summit diplomacy - Answers involving personal contact by head of government relative deprivation - Answers theory that unequal wealth motivates underdog groups World Trade Organization - Answers - UN-related body, successor to GATT, promotes free trade economic bubble- - Answers - rapid inflation of market value followed by an equal decline IMF and austerity - Answers International Monetary Fund) makes loans to stabilize. Cutting government expenditures to balance the national budget dollar as world currency- - Answers keeps exchange rates stable and helps countries pau their international debts, with the US blaming budgetary and foreign trade issues the dollar hasn't been to one of. Europe wanted euros to replace but have also shown little stability.