BIO 201 – MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE |
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ | 100% PASS | 2025 UPDATE!
The functional cell in nervous tissue is called a _________. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > neuron
Which 3 bones fuse to form the hip bone? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
ilium
ischium
pubis
What is cyanosis and what causes it? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -blue
skin color
-low oxygenation of hemoglobin
How can blood vessels affect skin color? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
The amount of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin found in the blood
vessels of the middle layer of our skin, the dermis. Hemoglobin is the
iron-containing protein pigment of our blood cells. A lack of oxygen
saturation imparts a paler, grayer, or bluer color to the skin.
,What are the atlas and axis? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > atlas- C1,
supports head
axis- C2, atlas pivots around the dens
Identify the two basic layers of the skin and give the basic tissues found
in each. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > epidermis- stratified squamous
epithelium
dermis- connective tissue, contain collagenous and elastic fibers
Describe the composition of the epidermis. Which layer undergoes
mitosis? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -outer layer of skin
-basement membrane on bottom right before dermis
-lacks blood vessels
-*stratum basale is the mitotic layer*
stratum layers go C, L (only in thick skin), G, S, B
-corneum
-lucidum
-granulosum
-spinosum
-basal
,Identify melanocytes - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -located in the
stratum basale
-produce the dark pigment melanin
-absorbs UV light from sunlight and provides skin color
-melanin is distributed into keratinocytes, to protect skin cells from
damaging effects of UV light
3 types of skin cancer - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > basal cell carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -least malignant; most
common skin cancer
-startum basal cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and
hypodermis
-cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases
squamous cell carcinoma - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -second most
common
-involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
-usually scaly reddened papule on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands
-does metastasize (spread)
-good prognosis if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically
, melanoma - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -cancer of melanocytes
-most dangerous
--highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
-treated by wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy
-key to survival is early detection (ABCD rule)
Explain the ABCD rule. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -use for early
detection of melanoma
A- asymmetry; two sides of the pigmented area do not match
B- border irregularity; exhibits indentations
C- color; contain several (black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue)
D- diameter; larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
Name the two basic layers found in the dermis - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > 1. papillary layer
2. reticular layer
1. papillary layer of dermis - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -superficial layer
-areolar connective tissue
-thinner of the 2 layers
-location of dermal papillae
-form fingerprints
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ | 100% PASS | 2025 UPDATE!
The functional cell in nervous tissue is called a _________. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > neuron
Which 3 bones fuse to form the hip bone? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
ilium
ischium
pubis
What is cyanosis and what causes it? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -blue
skin color
-low oxygenation of hemoglobin
How can blood vessels affect skin color? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
The amount of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin found in the blood
vessels of the middle layer of our skin, the dermis. Hemoglobin is the
iron-containing protein pigment of our blood cells. A lack of oxygen
saturation imparts a paler, grayer, or bluer color to the skin.
,What are the atlas and axis? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > atlas- C1,
supports head
axis- C2, atlas pivots around the dens
Identify the two basic layers of the skin and give the basic tissues found
in each. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > epidermis- stratified squamous
epithelium
dermis- connective tissue, contain collagenous and elastic fibers
Describe the composition of the epidermis. Which layer undergoes
mitosis? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -outer layer of skin
-basement membrane on bottom right before dermis
-lacks blood vessels
-*stratum basale is the mitotic layer*
stratum layers go C, L (only in thick skin), G, S, B
-corneum
-lucidum
-granulosum
-spinosum
-basal
,Identify melanocytes - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -located in the
stratum basale
-produce the dark pigment melanin
-absorbs UV light from sunlight and provides skin color
-melanin is distributed into keratinocytes, to protect skin cells from
damaging effects of UV light
3 types of skin cancer - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > basal cell carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -least malignant; most
common skin cancer
-startum basal cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and
hypodermis
-cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases
squamous cell carcinoma - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -second most
common
-involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
-usually scaly reddened papule on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands
-does metastasize (spread)
-good prognosis if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically
, melanoma - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -cancer of melanocytes
-most dangerous
--highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
-treated by wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy
-key to survival is early detection (ABCD rule)
Explain the ABCD rule. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -use for early
detection of melanoma
A- asymmetry; two sides of the pigmented area do not match
B- border irregularity; exhibits indentations
C- color; contain several (black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue)
D- diameter; larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
Name the two basic layers found in the dermis - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > 1. papillary layer
2. reticular layer
1. papillary layer of dermis - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > -superficial layer
-areolar connective tissue
-thinner of the 2 layers
-location of dermal papillae
-form fingerprints
