NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024/2025 NEWEST !! ACTUAL
2 EXAM VERSIONS (VERSION A AND B) WITHCOMPLETE 400
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW
VERSION!!
What are the granulomatous diseases? - ANSWER -Cat scratch
(bartonella henselae), berylliosis, churg-strauss syndrome,
crohn's disease, francisella tularensis, fungal infections like
histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, granulomatosis with
polyangiitis (Wegener), listeria monocytogenes (granulomatosis
infantiseptica), M leprae (leprosy, Hansen disease), M.
Tuberculosis, treponemia pallidum (tertiary syphilis),
sarcoidosis, schistosomiasis.
Basic characteristics of a benign tumor: - ANSWER -well-
differentiated, no necrosis, well demarcated, no metastases, low
mitotic activity
Basic characteristics of a malignant tumor: - ANSWER -may be
poorly differentiated, erratic growth, locally invasive / diffuse,
may metastasize, low apoptosis
,What's the mechanism behind low apoptosis in malignancies? -
ANSWER upregulation of telomerase prevents shortening of the
telomeres and thus cell death.
Cachexia: - ANSWER -weight loss, muscle atrophy and fatigue
that occur in the setting of chronic disease (AIDS, cancer, heart
failure, TB). Mediated by TNFalpha (called cachectin) IFN-gamma
and IL-6.
DISEASE -- CANCER Associations: Acanthosis nigricans
(hyperpigmentation and epithelial thickening) - ANSWER -
visceral malignany (esp stomach) Actinic keratosis: - ANSWER -
SCC of skin
AIDS: - ANSWER -aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-
Hodgkin) and Kaposi sarcoma
Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto thyroiditis, SLE): - ANSWER -
lymphoma
Barrett esophagus (chronic GI reflux): - ANSWER -esophageal
adenocarcinoma
Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgical
gastric remnants: - ANSWER -gastric adenocarcinoma
,Cirrhosis: - ANSWER -hepatocellular carcinoma
Cushing's disease: - ANSWER -small cell lung cancer
Dermatomyositis: - ANSWER -lung cancer
Down's syndrome: - ANSWER -ALL, AML
Dysplastic nevus: - ANSWER -malignant melanoma
Hypercalcemia: - ANSWER -squamous cell lung cancer
Immunodeficiency states: - ANSWER -malignant lymphomas
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: - ANSWER -small cell
lung cancer
Myasthenia gravis, pure RBC aplasia: - ANSWER -thymoma
Paget disease of bone: - ANSWER -secondary osteosarcoma
and fibrosarcoma
Plummer Vinson syndrome (low iron): - ANSWER -SCC of
esophagus
, Polycythemia: - ANSWER -renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular
carcinoma
Radiation exposure: - ANSWER -leukemia, sarcoma, papillary
thyroid cancer, breast cancer
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone
secretion): - ANSWER small cell lung cancer
Tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, intellectual
disability): - ANSWER -giant cell astrocytoma, renal
angiomyolipoma, and cardiac rhabdomyoma
Ulcerative colitis: - ANSWER -Colonic adenocarcinoma
Xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism: - ANSWER -melanoma,
basal cell carcinoma, and esp SCC of skin
T/F you need damage to more than one allele of an oncogene in
order for cancer to arise: - ANSWER -False. Need damage to
only one allele.
ONCOGENE: BCR-ABL. What is gene product and which cancer
is it associated with? - ANSWER -tyrosine kinase. CML, ALL.
2 EXAM VERSIONS (VERSION A AND B) WITHCOMPLETE 400
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW
VERSION!!
What are the granulomatous diseases? - ANSWER -Cat scratch
(bartonella henselae), berylliosis, churg-strauss syndrome,
crohn's disease, francisella tularensis, fungal infections like
histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, granulomatosis with
polyangiitis (Wegener), listeria monocytogenes (granulomatosis
infantiseptica), M leprae (leprosy, Hansen disease), M.
Tuberculosis, treponemia pallidum (tertiary syphilis),
sarcoidosis, schistosomiasis.
Basic characteristics of a benign tumor: - ANSWER -well-
differentiated, no necrosis, well demarcated, no metastases, low
mitotic activity
Basic characteristics of a malignant tumor: - ANSWER -may be
poorly differentiated, erratic growth, locally invasive / diffuse,
may metastasize, low apoptosis
,What's the mechanism behind low apoptosis in malignancies? -
ANSWER upregulation of telomerase prevents shortening of the
telomeres and thus cell death.
Cachexia: - ANSWER -weight loss, muscle atrophy and fatigue
that occur in the setting of chronic disease (AIDS, cancer, heart
failure, TB). Mediated by TNFalpha (called cachectin) IFN-gamma
and IL-6.
DISEASE -- CANCER Associations: Acanthosis nigricans
(hyperpigmentation and epithelial thickening) - ANSWER -
visceral malignany (esp stomach) Actinic keratosis: - ANSWER -
SCC of skin
AIDS: - ANSWER -aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-
Hodgkin) and Kaposi sarcoma
Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto thyroiditis, SLE): - ANSWER -
lymphoma
Barrett esophagus (chronic GI reflux): - ANSWER -esophageal
adenocarcinoma
Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgical
gastric remnants: - ANSWER -gastric adenocarcinoma
,Cirrhosis: - ANSWER -hepatocellular carcinoma
Cushing's disease: - ANSWER -small cell lung cancer
Dermatomyositis: - ANSWER -lung cancer
Down's syndrome: - ANSWER -ALL, AML
Dysplastic nevus: - ANSWER -malignant melanoma
Hypercalcemia: - ANSWER -squamous cell lung cancer
Immunodeficiency states: - ANSWER -malignant lymphomas
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: - ANSWER -small cell
lung cancer
Myasthenia gravis, pure RBC aplasia: - ANSWER -thymoma
Paget disease of bone: - ANSWER -secondary osteosarcoma
and fibrosarcoma
Plummer Vinson syndrome (low iron): - ANSWER -SCC of
esophagus
, Polycythemia: - ANSWER -renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular
carcinoma
Radiation exposure: - ANSWER -leukemia, sarcoma, papillary
thyroid cancer, breast cancer
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone
secretion): - ANSWER small cell lung cancer
Tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, intellectual
disability): - ANSWER -giant cell astrocytoma, renal
angiomyolipoma, and cardiac rhabdomyoma
Ulcerative colitis: - ANSWER -Colonic adenocarcinoma
Xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism: - ANSWER -melanoma,
basal cell carcinoma, and esp SCC of skin
T/F you need damage to more than one allele of an oncogene in
order for cancer to arise: - ANSWER -False. Need damage to
only one allele.
ONCOGENE: BCR-ABL. What is gene product and which cancer
is it associated with? - ANSWER -tyrosine kinase. CML, ALL.
