Exam Bank Solution Manual for PMLS 2- Current Version 2024

Exam Bank Solution Manual for PMLS 2- Current Version 2024 PHLEBOTOMY - Answers The process of collecting blood VEIN, incision - Answers Derived from the Greek word "phlebos" " which means ____"tome" which means ____ PHLEBOTOMY - Answers The act or practice of bloodletting as a therapeutic measure Bloodletting - Answers Performed by barbers during the 12th century Bloodletting - Answers First practiced by Egyptians Venesection, CUPPING - Answers Two Basic Methods of Blood Selection (Historical Methods) Lancing - Answers thought to eliminate "bad blood" and remove the disease Venesection - Answers Most common method of blood collection Used to reduce fever or produce a faint for an expectant mother cupping - Answers Placing a heated glass cup on a person's back ▪ As the cup cools, it creates a suction that pulls blood to the capillaries ▪ Multiple blades cut the area, thus inducing massive bleeding n December 1799, George Washington - Answers suffered a severe throat infection o At that time, the known cure for the infection was heavy bleeding George Washington - Answers The first American president was bled more than 9 pints of blood in less than 24 hours died on December 14, 1799 due to Hypovolemic shock e died on (caused by heavy bleeding) - Answers when he died and how? Mid-19th Century - Answers Bloodletting was no longer considered the cure for all illnesses o It was also discovered that microorganisms are the causative agent for many diseases Louis Pasteur - Answers postulated that diseases and infections are caused by microorganisms, but was unsuccessfully proven. Robert Koch - Answers successfully proved Pasteur's idea Urine and Feces - Answers : examined since medieval times Modern Times - Answers The use of Leeches for blood collection Leeches sucked for 20-45 minutes, collecting 15mL of blood PCV and hereditary hemochromatosis - Answers Bleeding of individuals to reduce the patient's amount of blood is used to treat Polycythemia vera (PCV) - - Answers a slow growing cancer in the bone marrow, overproducing red blood cells which disrupts the body's homeostasis Hereditary hemochromatosis - - Answers a disorder where to much iron builds up in the body, a.k.a. Iron overload. therapeutic phlebotomy - Answers The treatment for PCV and hereditary hemochromatosis involves drawing 500 mL of blood, which is known as PHLEBOTOMIST - Answers Primary role - collect blood for accurate and reliable test results • Considered to be key players on the health care team • They represent the laboratory • In direct contact with the patient • Perform tasks that are critical to the patient's diagnosis • Traditionally has only one job - to collect blood Phlebotomist - Answers s dispatched from the laboratory to either nursing units (wards) or OPD (outpatient department) CENTRALIZED PHLEBOTOMY , DECENTRALIZED PHLEBOTOMY - Answers two types of phlebotomist CENTRALIZED PHLEBOTOMY - Answers Phlebotomist is dispatched from the laboratory to either nursing units (wards) or OPD (outpatient department) • Starts as early as 4:30AM - due to fasting patients • Blood collection is done purely by the phlebotomist, by batch if needed, depending on the bulk of patients in line for extraction. DECENTRALIZED PHLEBOTOMY - Answers Patient-focus care • More people are collecting blood during the busy times • Everyone who has contact with the patient needs to become multiskilled • The nurse needs to learn how to collect blood samples, and the phlebotomist needs to learn some of the nursing duties Centralized Phlebotomy, - Answers the most common 85% of the hospitals in the Philippines utilize decentralized phlebotomy - Answers while only 15% utilize When a hospital uses both setups, it is called hybrid phlebotomy Administration - Answers Keeps the hospital in compliance Electrocardiography (ECG) - Answers Monitors patients with cardiovascular disease Electroencephalography (EEG) - Answers Diagnosis of neurophysiological disorders Environmental Services - Answers Maintains a clean facility Maintains a clean facility - Answers Provides diets to patients Gastrointestinal (GI) Laboratory - Answers Diagnose gastrointestinal disorders Laboratory - Answers Provides testing of patient samples Medical Records - Answers Maintains patient records Nursing - Answers Provides direct patient care Occupational Therapy - Answers Provides therapy to help maintain living skills Pharmacy - Answers Dispenses drugs and advises on drug usage Physical Therapy - Answers Provides therapy to restore mobility Radiology - Answers Uses imaging for diagnosis and treatment Respiratory Therapy - Answers Provides therapy to evaluate the lungs Speech Therapy - Answers Provides therapy to restore speech Coronary Care Unit (CCU) - Answers Increased care of the patient due to heart condition Emergency Department - Answers Emergency treatment of patients Geriatric - Answers Care for elderly patients Home Health Care - Answers Follow-up care of a patient at home Intensive Care Unit (ICU) - Answers Increased care due to the critical needs of the patient Neonatal or Neonatal Care Unit - Answers Newborn care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) - Answers Newborns who need intensive care Nephrology - Answers Care for patients on dialysis Obstetrics - Answers Care for patients in labor or childbirth Oncology - Answers Care for patients with cancer Orthopedic - Answers Care for patients with broken bones Pediatrics - Answers Care for patients who are infant and children (18 y/o and below) Recovery - Answers Recovery treatment of patients (Usually post-operation) PHASE 1: Pre-examination Phase, PHASE 2: Examination Phase, PHASE 3: Post-examination Phase - Answers THREE PHASES OF SAMPLE TESTING 1. Clinical request 2. Patient ID and info 3. Correct sample collection 4. Correct use of all equipment 5. Sample preparation or centrifugation 6. Proper preparation of sample aliquots 7. Maintaining sample integrity until the examination process can begin - Answers PHASE 2: Pre-Examination Phase 1. Sample Testing 2. Maintaining testing equipment and reagents - Answers PHASE 2: Examination Phase 1. Reporting of results 2. Ensuring accuracy and reliability of delivery of results 3. Follow-up repeat testing or address physician concerns 4. Storage of samples after the examination - Answers PHASE 3: Post-examination Phase Pathologists - Answers A physician who reads and interprets the results of laboratory tests or examines tissues under a microscope to diagnose and monitor diseases. Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) / Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CLS) - Answers Holds a minimum baccalaureate degree and is responsible for performing a full range of laboratory tests, confirming the accuracy of test results, and reposting laboratory findings to the pathologist and other physicians Medical Laboratory Technician (MLT) - Answers Under the supervision of the medical technologist, they perform general tests. Phlebotomy Technician (PBT) - Answers Collects blood samples to be used in many laboratory tests to detect and monitor treatment Cytotechnologist (CT) - Answers Examines cells under the microscope to detect signs of cancer in the earliest stages, when a cure is most likely Histotechnologist (HTL) - Answers Prepares body tissue samples for microscopic examination by the pathologist using sophisticated techniques such as immunohistochemistry. Obtain a good sample With as minimal trauma to the patient as possible Patient must be treated like anyone would like to be treated - Answers PROFFESIONAL ATTITUDE OF A PHLEBOTOMIST No visible tattoos • No body piercing other than a minimum of two in the ears (one for each ear) • No fingernails longer than ¼ inch • No blue jeans or casual attire •