Nutrition: Exam #5: Renal & GI (Chapters
23-25, Highlight 24) UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the functional units of the kidneys called? - CORRECT ANSWER - nephrons
The kidneys activate which vitamin? - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin D
What hormone secreted by the kidneys stimulates the production of red blood cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - erythropoietin
The consequences of nephrotic syndrome include? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Edema
- blood lipid & blood clotting abnormalities
- depletion of immunoglobulins (increases susceptibility to infection
- loss of Vitamin D binding protein (results in lower Vit. D & calcium levels, increasing risk of
rickets in children)
- protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
- muscle wasting may develop
Daniel is a 10-year-old boy that has just been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. He is at
increased risk of the bone disease _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - Rickets
Nutrition therapy, as a treatment for nephrotic syndrome, focuses on___, ___, and ___. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Prevent PEM, alleviate edema, & correct lipid abnormalities
For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the recommended daily protein intake is __ to __/kg body
weight - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.8-1.0 g/kg of body weight/day
,Oliguria is the term to describe diminished urine output, often less than ___ mL/day. -
CORRECT ANSWER - 400 mL/day
What ranges of protein intake are recommended for a patient with limited kidney function who is
not treated with dialysis? For patients on HD or PD? This requires that you know your stages of
chronic kidney disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Limited Kidney Function Not Treated
with Dialysis: 0.8-1.0 g/kg of body weight/day
HD/PD: 1.0-1.7 g/kg/day
Uremia develops during the final stages of CKD when GFR is below _____ milliliters per
minute and blood urea nitrogen exceeds _____ milligrams per deciliter. - CORRECT
ANSWER - GFR <15 mL/minute
BUN: >60 mg/dL
Uremic syndrome clinical effects include? Be able to understand and describe these. -
CORRECT ANSWER - - altered mental status
- neuromuscular changes: muscle cramping, twitching
- impaired hormone synthesis: erythropoietin - anemia; reduced production of vitamin D → bone
disease
- bleeding abnormalities: defects in platelet function & clotting factors along w/ skin changes
- cardiovascular disease risk: HTN, ↑ insulin resistance, & abnormal blood lipids
- ↓ immunity - poor immune response - prone to infection, a frequent cause of death
True or False: The patient with CKD will often present with anemia, diabetes, PEM, metabolic
stress/infection which will alter nutritional status. - CORRECT ANSWER - True
Patients should be advised that which of the following foods contribute to the fluid allowance in
fluid-restricted diets?
a. Gelatin/Jello
, b. Popsicles
c. Sherbet
d. Fruit ice
e. Ice cream - CORRECT ANSWER - all of them, because they all melt & turn into liquid
Gelatin/Jello; Popsicles; Sherbet; Fruit ice; ice cream
Name several ways the health practitioner can assess fluid status in the patient with kidney
disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Monitoring weight fluctuations, blood pressure, pulse
rates, & appearance of the skin & mucous membranes. Additionally, looking at the serum sodium
lab: low sodium = excessive fluid intake // high sodium = inadequate fluid intake
Once a person is on dialysis, sodium and fluid intakes should be controlled so that only about
____ lbs of water weight are gained daily. - CORRECT ANSWER - 2.2 lbs
Intakes of supplemental vitamin C are restricted in patients with chronic renal failure to prevent?
- CORRECT ANSWER - risk for kidney stones
A factor that predisposes people to kidney stone formation is? - CORRECT ANSWER --
dehydration
- low urine volume
- changes in urine acidity
- metabolic abnormalities
- obstruction
- renal disease
What foods/practices contribute to high uric acid levels? - CORRECT ANSWER --
animal protein
- inadequate water intake
23-25, Highlight 24) UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the functional units of the kidneys called? - CORRECT ANSWER - nephrons
The kidneys activate which vitamin? - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin D
What hormone secreted by the kidneys stimulates the production of red blood cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - erythropoietin
The consequences of nephrotic syndrome include? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Edema
- blood lipid & blood clotting abnormalities
- depletion of immunoglobulins (increases susceptibility to infection
- loss of Vitamin D binding protein (results in lower Vit. D & calcium levels, increasing risk of
rickets in children)
- protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
- muscle wasting may develop
Daniel is a 10-year-old boy that has just been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. He is at
increased risk of the bone disease _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - Rickets
Nutrition therapy, as a treatment for nephrotic syndrome, focuses on___, ___, and ___. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Prevent PEM, alleviate edema, & correct lipid abnormalities
For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the recommended daily protein intake is __ to __/kg body
weight - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.8-1.0 g/kg of body weight/day
,Oliguria is the term to describe diminished urine output, often less than ___ mL/day. -
CORRECT ANSWER - 400 mL/day
What ranges of protein intake are recommended for a patient with limited kidney function who is
not treated with dialysis? For patients on HD or PD? This requires that you know your stages of
chronic kidney disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Limited Kidney Function Not Treated
with Dialysis: 0.8-1.0 g/kg of body weight/day
HD/PD: 1.0-1.7 g/kg/day
Uremia develops during the final stages of CKD when GFR is below _____ milliliters per
minute and blood urea nitrogen exceeds _____ milligrams per deciliter. - CORRECT
ANSWER - GFR <15 mL/minute
BUN: >60 mg/dL
Uremic syndrome clinical effects include? Be able to understand and describe these. -
CORRECT ANSWER - - altered mental status
- neuromuscular changes: muscle cramping, twitching
- impaired hormone synthesis: erythropoietin - anemia; reduced production of vitamin D → bone
disease
- bleeding abnormalities: defects in platelet function & clotting factors along w/ skin changes
- cardiovascular disease risk: HTN, ↑ insulin resistance, & abnormal blood lipids
- ↓ immunity - poor immune response - prone to infection, a frequent cause of death
True or False: The patient with CKD will often present with anemia, diabetes, PEM, metabolic
stress/infection which will alter nutritional status. - CORRECT ANSWER - True
Patients should be advised that which of the following foods contribute to the fluid allowance in
fluid-restricted diets?
a. Gelatin/Jello
, b. Popsicles
c. Sherbet
d. Fruit ice
e. Ice cream - CORRECT ANSWER - all of them, because they all melt & turn into liquid
Gelatin/Jello; Popsicles; Sherbet; Fruit ice; ice cream
Name several ways the health practitioner can assess fluid status in the patient with kidney
disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Monitoring weight fluctuations, blood pressure, pulse
rates, & appearance of the skin & mucous membranes. Additionally, looking at the serum sodium
lab: low sodium = excessive fluid intake // high sodium = inadequate fluid intake
Once a person is on dialysis, sodium and fluid intakes should be controlled so that only about
____ lbs of water weight are gained daily. - CORRECT ANSWER - 2.2 lbs
Intakes of supplemental vitamin C are restricted in patients with chronic renal failure to prevent?
- CORRECT ANSWER - risk for kidney stones
A factor that predisposes people to kidney stone formation is? - CORRECT ANSWER --
dehydration
- low urine volume
- changes in urine acidity
- metabolic abnormalities
- obstruction
- renal disease
What foods/practices contribute to high uric acid levels? - CORRECT ANSWER --
animal protein
- inadequate water intake
