WGU D027 pathopharm questions with verified
answers
Mechanism of Action for loop diuretics Ans ✔✔-block water
reasborption in the loop of Henle of nephron. Increases urine output
Suffix for loop Ans ✔✔--emide
ex: furosemide
cautions in using loop diuretics Ans ✔✔-decreased potassium, decreased
BP, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
USE WITH CAUTION in those who have auditory/renal impairments
Suffix for Thiazide Diuretics Ans ✔✔--thiazide
MOA for thiazide diuretics Ans ✔✔-blood water reabsorption in distal
tube of nephron-- increases urine output
adverse drug reactions for thiazide diuretics Ans ✔✔-decreases
potassium, increases uric acid, increases calcium
AVOID use in hx with gout, use cautiously with kidney disease
Contraindicator for thiazide diuretics Ans ✔✔-those with sulfa allergies,
contains sulfa group in molecular structure. Also avoid in hx of gout due
to increase of uric acid
,Aldosterone antagonists MOA Ans ✔✔-inhibits aldosterone which
results in sodium loss in the nephron, water follows and is excreted,
potassium is retained (potassium sparing diuretic)
example of an aldosterone antagonist Ans ✔✔-Spironolactone
adverse drug reactions for aldosterone antagonists Ans ✔✔-high
potassium, androgen blocking (blocks testosterone and causes estrogen
effects)
beta blocker examples Ans ✔✔-Propranolol (Inderal)
Metroprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
MOA of beta blockers Ans ✔✔-block adrenergic effects of Beta 1 and
Beta 2 receptors (cause cholinergic effects)
result in low HR and Low BP
Contraindicators for beta blockers Ans ✔✔-chronic respiratory
conditions (particularly for beta 2 blockers)
HR <60 bpm
disguises hypoglycemia symptoms
,What does angiotensin 2 do? Ans ✔✔-angiotensin II causes
vasonconstriction and secretion of aldosterone, which results in
reabsorption of sodium/water in the nephrons
angiotensin 2 converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) suffix and
MOA Ans ✔✔-suffix: -pril example: lisinopril
MOA: inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2,
therefor prevents water reabsorption
decreases cardiac workload
decreases BP
Adverse drug reactions for ACE inhibitors Ans ✔✔-high potassium,
angioedema, dry cough
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) suffix and MOA Ans ✔✔-suffix:
sartan example: losartan
MOA: prevent Angiotensin2 from binding to receptor sites, which then
prevents reabsorption of water and vasoconstriction
leads to lower BP
Adverse drug reactions of ARBS Ans ✔✔-high potassium, angioedema
prefix of cardiac glycosides Ans ✔✔-"dig" ex: digoxin
, MOA of cardiac glycosides Ans ✔✔-block Na/K pump, indirectly
changes the calcium balance, leads to powerful contraction w/ HB
does not lower blood pressure, only HR
FYIs for cardiac glycosides Ans ✔✔-measure HR, hold if <60bpm
sx of digoxin toxicity: anorexia, visual disturbance, chest palpitations
Which of the following drugs may cause hypokalemia?
A) torsemide
B) hydrochlorothiazide
C) spironolactone
D) Digoxin Ans ✔✔-A and B- Torsemide and HCTZ lower serum
potassium due to increased potassium excretion in the kidneys
D) When entering the circulation, digoxin binds to sodium/potassium
pumps which can also decrease OR increase potassium
ACE inhibitors result in which of the following outcomes? select all that
apply:
a) vasodilation
b) vasoconstriction
c) ADH is inhibited
d) ADH is released
e) increased urination
f) decreased urination Ans ✔✔-a)
answers
Mechanism of Action for loop diuretics Ans ✔✔-block water
reasborption in the loop of Henle of nephron. Increases urine output
Suffix for loop Ans ✔✔--emide
ex: furosemide
cautions in using loop diuretics Ans ✔✔-decreased potassium, decreased
BP, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
USE WITH CAUTION in those who have auditory/renal impairments
Suffix for Thiazide Diuretics Ans ✔✔--thiazide
MOA for thiazide diuretics Ans ✔✔-blood water reabsorption in distal
tube of nephron-- increases urine output
adverse drug reactions for thiazide diuretics Ans ✔✔-decreases
potassium, increases uric acid, increases calcium
AVOID use in hx with gout, use cautiously with kidney disease
Contraindicator for thiazide diuretics Ans ✔✔-those with sulfa allergies,
contains sulfa group in molecular structure. Also avoid in hx of gout due
to increase of uric acid
,Aldosterone antagonists MOA Ans ✔✔-inhibits aldosterone which
results in sodium loss in the nephron, water follows and is excreted,
potassium is retained (potassium sparing diuretic)
example of an aldosterone antagonist Ans ✔✔-Spironolactone
adverse drug reactions for aldosterone antagonists Ans ✔✔-high
potassium, androgen blocking (blocks testosterone and causes estrogen
effects)
beta blocker examples Ans ✔✔-Propranolol (Inderal)
Metroprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
MOA of beta blockers Ans ✔✔-block adrenergic effects of Beta 1 and
Beta 2 receptors (cause cholinergic effects)
result in low HR and Low BP
Contraindicators for beta blockers Ans ✔✔-chronic respiratory
conditions (particularly for beta 2 blockers)
HR <60 bpm
disguises hypoglycemia symptoms
,What does angiotensin 2 do? Ans ✔✔-angiotensin II causes
vasonconstriction and secretion of aldosterone, which results in
reabsorption of sodium/water in the nephrons
angiotensin 2 converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) suffix and
MOA Ans ✔✔-suffix: -pril example: lisinopril
MOA: inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2,
therefor prevents water reabsorption
decreases cardiac workload
decreases BP
Adverse drug reactions for ACE inhibitors Ans ✔✔-high potassium,
angioedema, dry cough
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) suffix and MOA Ans ✔✔-suffix:
sartan example: losartan
MOA: prevent Angiotensin2 from binding to receptor sites, which then
prevents reabsorption of water and vasoconstriction
leads to lower BP
Adverse drug reactions of ARBS Ans ✔✔-high potassium, angioedema
prefix of cardiac glycosides Ans ✔✔-"dig" ex: digoxin
, MOA of cardiac glycosides Ans ✔✔-block Na/K pump, indirectly
changes the calcium balance, leads to powerful contraction w/ HB
does not lower blood pressure, only HR
FYIs for cardiac glycosides Ans ✔✔-measure HR, hold if <60bpm
sx of digoxin toxicity: anorexia, visual disturbance, chest palpitations
Which of the following drugs may cause hypokalemia?
A) torsemide
B) hydrochlorothiazide
C) spironolactone
D) Digoxin Ans ✔✔-A and B- Torsemide and HCTZ lower serum
potassium due to increased potassium excretion in the kidneys
D) When entering the circulation, digoxin binds to sodium/potassium
pumps which can also decrease OR increase potassium
ACE inhibitors result in which of the following outcomes? select all that
apply:
a) vasodilation
b) vasoconstriction
c) ADH is inhibited
d) ADH is released
e) increased urination
f) decreased urination Ans ✔✔-a)
