NU 208
Pathophysiology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following best describes the primary cause of
atherosclerosis?
- A. Bacterial infection
- B. Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the
arterial wall
- C. Genetic mutation
- D. Viral infection
- ANS: B
- Rationale: Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by the
accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall,
leading to the formation of plaques that can obstruct blood flow.
2. What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating blood pressure?
- A. Increasing heart rate
- B. Promoting vasoconstriction and sodium retention
- C. Decreasing blood volume
- D. Enhancing glucose uptake
- ANS: B
- Rationale: The RAAS promotes vasoconstriction and
sodium retention, which increases blood pressure by increasing
blood volume and vascular resistance.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The __________ is the primary site of gas exchange in the
lungs.
- ANS: alveoli
- Rationale: The alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange
in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon
dioxide is expelled.
4. In pathophysiology, __________ refers to the process by
which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to distant sites
in the body.
- ANS: metastasis
- Rationale: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells
spread from the primary tumor to distant sites in the body, leading
to the formation of secondary tumors.
True/False Questions
5. Inflammation is a protective response of the body to injury or
infection.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Inflammation is a protective response of the
body to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling,
©2024/2025
, heat, and pain, aimed at eliminating the cause of injury and
promoting healing.
6. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and is
typically associated with obesity.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. It is not typically
associated with obesity.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are common symptoms of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? (Select all that apply)
- A. Chronic cough
- B. Shortness of breath
- C. Wheezing
- D. High blood pressure
- ANS: A, B, C
- Rationale: Common symptoms of COPD include chronic
cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. High blood pressure is
not a typical symptom of COPD.
©2024/2025
Pathophysiology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following best describes the primary cause of
atherosclerosis?
- A. Bacterial infection
- B. Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the
arterial wall
- C. Genetic mutation
- D. Viral infection
- ANS: B
- Rationale: Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by the
accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall,
leading to the formation of plaques that can obstruct blood flow.
2. What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating blood pressure?
- A. Increasing heart rate
- B. Promoting vasoconstriction and sodium retention
- C. Decreasing blood volume
- D. Enhancing glucose uptake
- ANS: B
- Rationale: The RAAS promotes vasoconstriction and
sodium retention, which increases blood pressure by increasing
blood volume and vascular resistance.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The __________ is the primary site of gas exchange in the
lungs.
- ANS: alveoli
- Rationale: The alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange
in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon
dioxide is expelled.
4. In pathophysiology, __________ refers to the process by
which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to distant sites
in the body.
- ANS: metastasis
- Rationale: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells
spread from the primary tumor to distant sites in the body, leading
to the formation of secondary tumors.
True/False Questions
5. Inflammation is a protective response of the body to injury or
infection.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Inflammation is a protective response of the
body to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling,
©2024/2025
, heat, and pain, aimed at eliminating the cause of injury and
promoting healing.
6. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and is
typically associated with obesity.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. It is not typically
associated with obesity.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are common symptoms of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? (Select all that apply)
- A. Chronic cough
- B. Shortness of breath
- C. Wheezing
- D. High blood pressure
- ANS: A, B, C
- Rationale: Common symptoms of COPD include chronic
cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. High blood pressure is
not a typical symptom of COPD.
©2024/2025
