Test Bank For HESI/Saunders Online
Review for the NCLEX-PN® Examination
3rd Edition
Authors :
Linda Anne Silvestri & HESI
,Chapter 1: Infant, Child, and Adolescent
1. A nurse is caring for an infant in the pediatric unit. Which of the following should the
nurse do to promote the infant's development of trust according to Erikson's theory?
a) Encourage the parents to be present for feeding and comforting
b) Allow the infant to develop independence by placing them in a crib
c) Establish a consistent routine for care and meet the infant’s needs promptly
d) Use soothing music to calm the infant and promote development
Answer: c) Establish a consistent routine for care and meet the infant’s needs
promptly
Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the trust versus
mistrust stage is critical during infancy. This stage involves the infant’s trust in caregivers
to provide basic needs such as food, comfort, and affection. A consistent routine and
prompt response to the infant’s needs are essential to fostering a sense of trust and
security.
2. A 6-year-old child is being assessed for growth and development. Which of the following
is an expected finding for a child of this age?
a) Ability to hop on one foot
b) Ability to skip and jump rope
c) Ability to tie shoelaces
d) Ability to ride a bicycle without training wheels
Answer: b) Ability to skip and jump rope
Rationale: At 6 years old, children typically develop more advanced gross motor skills,
including the ability to skip and jump rope. Skills like hopping on one foot or tying
shoelaces develop around 5 years, while riding a bicycle without training wheels
typically occurs later, around 7 years of age.
3. A nurse is planning care for an adolescent with a chronic illness. Which of the following
actions would be most appropriate to encourage independence in the adolescent?
a) Encourage the adolescent to manage their own medications
b) Provide the adolescent with a list of rules to follow for illness management
c) Involve the adolescent's parents in all care decisions
d) Discuss treatment options only with the adolescent's family
Answer: a) Encourage the adolescent to manage their own medications
Rationale: Adolescents are in the stage of developing autonomy. Encouraging them to
take responsibility for their own health care, such as managing medications, promotes
independence and confidence in managing their chronic illness. This approach is
consistent with developmental needs at this stage.
4. During a health promotion interview, the nurse asks a 12-year-old child about their
smoking habits. The child responds, "I don’t smoke, but my friends do." The nurse's best
response is:
a) "It's okay for your friends to smoke, but you should avoid it."
b) "You shouldn’t hang out with those friends because smoking is harmful."
c) "You may be influenced by your friends, but you have the ability to make your own
choices."
d) "If you’re not smoking now, you won’t start in the future."
Answer: c) "You may be influenced by your friends, but you have the ability to
, make your own choices."
Rationale: At this stage in development, peer pressure is significant, but it's important to
empower the child to make their own decisions about health behaviors. Encouraging
autonomy while acknowledging peer influence supports the child’s decision-making
skills.
5. A nurse is teaching a parent how to care for their infant during the first year of life.
Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
a) The infant should be introduced to solid foods at 2 months of age.
b) It is safe to prop a bottle while feeding the infant.
c) The infant should sleep on their back to reduce the risk of sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS).
d) The infant should be weaned from the bottle by 6 months of age.
Answer: c) The infant should sleep on their back to reduce the risk of sudden infant
death syndrome (SIDS).
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that infants be
placed on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. Introducing solid foods should
occur around 6 months, not 2 months. Propping a bottle can lead to choking or ear
infections, and weaning from the bottle typically occurs around 12 months, not 6 months.
6. A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child at a well-child visit. Which of the following
developmental milestones would the nurse expect the child to demonstrate?
a) Ability to count to ten
b) Ability to run and climb
c) Ability to draw a circle
d) Ability to speak in full sentences
Answer: b) Ability to run and climb
Rationale: At 2 years old, children typically develop gross motor skills like running and
climbing. Fine motor skills such as drawing a circle and speaking in full sentences are
developed later, around 3 to 4 years old. Counting to ten usually develops around age 4.
7. A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about the cognitive development of a 4-year-
old child. Which of the following statements by the parent would indicate a need for
further teaching?
a) "My child is starting to ask many questions."
b) "My child can think logically about concrete events."
c) "My child enjoys pretending to be different characters."
d) "My child is developing a sense of right and wrong."
Answer: b) "My child can think logically about concrete events."
Rationale: According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage (ages 2–7) focus
more on symbolic play and imagination, rather than on logical thinking. Logical thinking
about concrete events occurs in the next stage, the concrete operational stage, which
begins around age 7.
8. A nurse is teaching parents about safe sleep practices. Which of the following statements
by the parents indicates the need for further education?
a) "We will use a firm mattress in the crib."
b) "We will place our baby on their back to sleep."
c) "We will place the baby on their stomach to sleep to avoid choking."
d) "We will keep soft objects and blankets out of the crib."
, Answer: c) "We will place the baby on their stomach to sleep to avoid choking."
Rationale: The safest sleep position for infants is on their back, not on their stomach, to
reduce the risk of SIDS. Placing infants on their stomachs can increase the risk of
suffocation. Soft objects and loose bedding should also be avoided to prevent suffocation
hazards.
9. A nurse is performing a physical examination on an adolescent. Which of the following is
the most appropriate action to take when assessing the adolescent’s mental health?
a) Conduct the interview in the presence of the adolescent’s parent.
b) Ask the adolescent questions about their feelings and relationships.
c) Use yes/no questions to assess the adolescent's mental status.
d) Encourage the adolescent to express feelings through drawing or writing.
Answer: b) Ask the adolescent questions about their feelings and relationships.
Rationale: When assessing an adolescent’s mental health, it is important to establish a
trusting environment and ask open-ended questions about their feelings and relationships.
This helps to assess their mental and emotional well-being. Asking yes/no questions is
too restrictive and may not provide accurate insight into their mental state.
10. A 3-year-old child is demonstrating difficulty with sharing toys during playtime with
peers. The nurse should recognize that this behavior is:
a) A sign of a developmental delay
b) Normal behavior for this age group
c) A sign of a need for additional behavioral therapy
d) A result of over-protective parenting
Answer: b) Normal behavior for this age group
Rationale: At 3 years old, children are in the early stages of developing social skills.
They often exhibit egocentric behaviors, such as difficulty sharing, as they are still
learning to interact with others. This behavior is typical for this developmental stage and
does not indicate a delay or behavioral disorder.
11. A nurse is assessing the growth and development of a 15-month-old child. Which of the
following would be a normal finding?
a) Ability to walk independently
b) Ability to speak in simple sentences
c) Ability to stack six blocks
d) Ability to jump with both feet
Answer: a) Ability to walk independently
Rationale: At 15 months, most children are able to walk independently, which is an important
milestone in their gross motor development. Speaking in simple sentences, stacking six blocks,
and jumping with both feet typically occur later, around 18 months to 2 years.
12. A nurse is providing teaching to a parent about introducing solid foods to their infant.
Which of the following is the most appropriate advice?
a) Begin introducing solid foods at 2 months of age
b) Start with foods such as fruit juices and cereals
c) Introduce one new food at a time and wait three to five days before trying another
d) Start with cow’s milk as the first food to promote growth
Review for the NCLEX-PN® Examination
3rd Edition
Authors :
Linda Anne Silvestri & HESI
,Chapter 1: Infant, Child, and Adolescent
1. A nurse is caring for an infant in the pediatric unit. Which of the following should the
nurse do to promote the infant's development of trust according to Erikson's theory?
a) Encourage the parents to be present for feeding and comforting
b) Allow the infant to develop independence by placing them in a crib
c) Establish a consistent routine for care and meet the infant’s needs promptly
d) Use soothing music to calm the infant and promote development
Answer: c) Establish a consistent routine for care and meet the infant’s needs
promptly
Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the trust versus
mistrust stage is critical during infancy. This stage involves the infant’s trust in caregivers
to provide basic needs such as food, comfort, and affection. A consistent routine and
prompt response to the infant’s needs are essential to fostering a sense of trust and
security.
2. A 6-year-old child is being assessed for growth and development. Which of the following
is an expected finding for a child of this age?
a) Ability to hop on one foot
b) Ability to skip and jump rope
c) Ability to tie shoelaces
d) Ability to ride a bicycle without training wheels
Answer: b) Ability to skip and jump rope
Rationale: At 6 years old, children typically develop more advanced gross motor skills,
including the ability to skip and jump rope. Skills like hopping on one foot or tying
shoelaces develop around 5 years, while riding a bicycle without training wheels
typically occurs later, around 7 years of age.
3. A nurse is planning care for an adolescent with a chronic illness. Which of the following
actions would be most appropriate to encourage independence in the adolescent?
a) Encourage the adolescent to manage their own medications
b) Provide the adolescent with a list of rules to follow for illness management
c) Involve the adolescent's parents in all care decisions
d) Discuss treatment options only with the adolescent's family
Answer: a) Encourage the adolescent to manage their own medications
Rationale: Adolescents are in the stage of developing autonomy. Encouraging them to
take responsibility for their own health care, such as managing medications, promotes
independence and confidence in managing their chronic illness. This approach is
consistent with developmental needs at this stage.
4. During a health promotion interview, the nurse asks a 12-year-old child about their
smoking habits. The child responds, "I don’t smoke, but my friends do." The nurse's best
response is:
a) "It's okay for your friends to smoke, but you should avoid it."
b) "You shouldn’t hang out with those friends because smoking is harmful."
c) "You may be influenced by your friends, but you have the ability to make your own
choices."
d) "If you’re not smoking now, you won’t start in the future."
Answer: c) "You may be influenced by your friends, but you have the ability to
, make your own choices."
Rationale: At this stage in development, peer pressure is significant, but it's important to
empower the child to make their own decisions about health behaviors. Encouraging
autonomy while acknowledging peer influence supports the child’s decision-making
skills.
5. A nurse is teaching a parent how to care for their infant during the first year of life.
Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
a) The infant should be introduced to solid foods at 2 months of age.
b) It is safe to prop a bottle while feeding the infant.
c) The infant should sleep on their back to reduce the risk of sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS).
d) The infant should be weaned from the bottle by 6 months of age.
Answer: c) The infant should sleep on their back to reduce the risk of sudden infant
death syndrome (SIDS).
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that infants be
placed on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. Introducing solid foods should
occur around 6 months, not 2 months. Propping a bottle can lead to choking or ear
infections, and weaning from the bottle typically occurs around 12 months, not 6 months.
6. A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child at a well-child visit. Which of the following
developmental milestones would the nurse expect the child to demonstrate?
a) Ability to count to ten
b) Ability to run and climb
c) Ability to draw a circle
d) Ability to speak in full sentences
Answer: b) Ability to run and climb
Rationale: At 2 years old, children typically develop gross motor skills like running and
climbing. Fine motor skills such as drawing a circle and speaking in full sentences are
developed later, around 3 to 4 years old. Counting to ten usually develops around age 4.
7. A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about the cognitive development of a 4-year-
old child. Which of the following statements by the parent would indicate a need for
further teaching?
a) "My child is starting to ask many questions."
b) "My child can think logically about concrete events."
c) "My child enjoys pretending to be different characters."
d) "My child is developing a sense of right and wrong."
Answer: b) "My child can think logically about concrete events."
Rationale: According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage (ages 2–7) focus
more on symbolic play and imagination, rather than on logical thinking. Logical thinking
about concrete events occurs in the next stage, the concrete operational stage, which
begins around age 7.
8. A nurse is teaching parents about safe sleep practices. Which of the following statements
by the parents indicates the need for further education?
a) "We will use a firm mattress in the crib."
b) "We will place our baby on their back to sleep."
c) "We will place the baby on their stomach to sleep to avoid choking."
d) "We will keep soft objects and blankets out of the crib."
, Answer: c) "We will place the baby on their stomach to sleep to avoid choking."
Rationale: The safest sleep position for infants is on their back, not on their stomach, to
reduce the risk of SIDS. Placing infants on their stomachs can increase the risk of
suffocation. Soft objects and loose bedding should also be avoided to prevent suffocation
hazards.
9. A nurse is performing a physical examination on an adolescent. Which of the following is
the most appropriate action to take when assessing the adolescent’s mental health?
a) Conduct the interview in the presence of the adolescent’s parent.
b) Ask the adolescent questions about their feelings and relationships.
c) Use yes/no questions to assess the adolescent's mental status.
d) Encourage the adolescent to express feelings through drawing or writing.
Answer: b) Ask the adolescent questions about their feelings and relationships.
Rationale: When assessing an adolescent’s mental health, it is important to establish a
trusting environment and ask open-ended questions about their feelings and relationships.
This helps to assess their mental and emotional well-being. Asking yes/no questions is
too restrictive and may not provide accurate insight into their mental state.
10. A 3-year-old child is demonstrating difficulty with sharing toys during playtime with
peers. The nurse should recognize that this behavior is:
a) A sign of a developmental delay
b) Normal behavior for this age group
c) A sign of a need for additional behavioral therapy
d) A result of over-protective parenting
Answer: b) Normal behavior for this age group
Rationale: At 3 years old, children are in the early stages of developing social skills.
They often exhibit egocentric behaviors, such as difficulty sharing, as they are still
learning to interact with others. This behavior is typical for this developmental stage and
does not indicate a delay or behavioral disorder.
11. A nurse is assessing the growth and development of a 15-month-old child. Which of the
following would be a normal finding?
a) Ability to walk independently
b) Ability to speak in simple sentences
c) Ability to stack six blocks
d) Ability to jump with both feet
Answer: a) Ability to walk independently
Rationale: At 15 months, most children are able to walk independently, which is an important
milestone in their gross motor development. Speaking in simple sentences, stacking six blocks,
and jumping with both feet typically occur later, around 18 months to 2 years.
12. A nurse is providing teaching to a parent about introducing solid foods to their infant.
Which of the following is the most appropriate advice?
a) Begin introducing solid foods at 2 months of age
b) Start with foods such as fruit juices and cereals
c) Introduce one new food at a time and wait three to five days before trying another
d) Start with cow’s milk as the first food to promote growth
