Lecture Test Study Guide:
CRANIUM
Part of the skull that encloses the brain
Forms the upper portion of the skull
Made of 8 bones: Frontal, (2) Parietal, (2) Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, & Ethmoid
OTIC
Ears
Contains outer, middle, and inner parts
ORAL
mouth
ORBIT
Eyes
NASAL
Nares (nose)
SUPERIOR
Upward direction/towards the head
Also called “cranial”
Ex) The eyes are superior to the mouth
INFERIOR
Downward direction/towards the feet
Ex) The mouth is inferior to the nose
ANTERIOR
Front
Also called ventral
Ex) The sternum is ventral/anterior to the vertebrae
POSTERIOR
Back
Also called dorsal
Ex) The vertebrae are posterior to the sternum
MEDIAL
Towards the middle
Ex) The little finger is medial to the thumb
LATERAL
Away from the middle
Towards the side
Ex) The little toe is lateral to the big toe
PROXIMAL
, Used to describe limbs only
Closer to the midline
Elbow is proximal to the wrist
DISTAL
Used in limbs only
The ankle is distal to the knee
SUPERFICIAL
Surface level/closer to the surface
The skin is the most superficial part of the body
DEEP
Away from the surface
SQUAMOUS
Tissue made up by flat, scale-like cells
Found in alveoli of lungs, blood vessels, heart, etc.
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
Single layer cells that appear to be arranged in multiple layers because they are different
sizes and in different positions
SIMPLE
Cells that are structurally and functionally similar (look alike)
STRATIFIED
2+ layers of cells
Mostly protective, the higher the # of layers, the more protective it is
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Multiple layers of column-shaped cells
Rare tissue in the body
Located in eye, pharynx, male urethra
HYALINE
Most common cartilage found in the body
Smooth, glassy
Ends of bones in joints providing a surface for smooth movement
FIBROUS
Made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts (cells that are a key component of connective
tissue)
Found in ligaments, tendons, skin (inner layer)
Dense
ELASTIC
Made up of elastic fibers
Found in skin (dermis; allows it to stretch), organs (fills spaces between organs),
ligaments tendons
HEMA
Blood
CRANIUM
Part of the skull that encloses the brain
Forms the upper portion of the skull
Made of 8 bones: Frontal, (2) Parietal, (2) Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, & Ethmoid
OTIC
Ears
Contains outer, middle, and inner parts
ORAL
mouth
ORBIT
Eyes
NASAL
Nares (nose)
SUPERIOR
Upward direction/towards the head
Also called “cranial”
Ex) The eyes are superior to the mouth
INFERIOR
Downward direction/towards the feet
Ex) The mouth is inferior to the nose
ANTERIOR
Front
Also called ventral
Ex) The sternum is ventral/anterior to the vertebrae
POSTERIOR
Back
Also called dorsal
Ex) The vertebrae are posterior to the sternum
MEDIAL
Towards the middle
Ex) The little finger is medial to the thumb
LATERAL
Away from the middle
Towards the side
Ex) The little toe is lateral to the big toe
PROXIMAL
, Used to describe limbs only
Closer to the midline
Elbow is proximal to the wrist
DISTAL
Used in limbs only
The ankle is distal to the knee
SUPERFICIAL
Surface level/closer to the surface
The skin is the most superficial part of the body
DEEP
Away from the surface
SQUAMOUS
Tissue made up by flat, scale-like cells
Found in alveoli of lungs, blood vessels, heart, etc.
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
Single layer cells that appear to be arranged in multiple layers because they are different
sizes and in different positions
SIMPLE
Cells that are structurally and functionally similar (look alike)
STRATIFIED
2+ layers of cells
Mostly protective, the higher the # of layers, the more protective it is
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Multiple layers of column-shaped cells
Rare tissue in the body
Located in eye, pharynx, male urethra
HYALINE
Most common cartilage found in the body
Smooth, glassy
Ends of bones in joints providing a surface for smooth movement
FIBROUS
Made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts (cells that are a key component of connective
tissue)
Found in ligaments, tendons, skin (inner layer)
Dense
ELASTIC
Made up of elastic fibers
Found in skin (dermis; allows it to stretch), organs (fills spaces between organs),
ligaments tendons
HEMA
Blood
