ETS Major Field Test – Chemistry
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
isomers are two compounds with the same molecular formula that are different - CORRECT
ANSWER - what are isomers
1. Structural (constitutional) isomers
2. Stereoisomers (two types) - enantiomers and diasteromers
3. Geometric isomers (also known as cis and trans isomers) - CORRECT ANSWER -
What are the three types of isomers?
different bonding arrangement of atoms. atoms are bonded together in a different sequence -
CORRECT ANSWER - what is a structural (constitutional) isomer?
stereoisomers: atoms are bonded together in the same sequence, but have different 3-D
arrangement in space
enantiomers: non-superimposable mirror images
diasteromers: stereoisomers that are not enantiomers: not superimposable and not mirror images
- CORRECT ANSWER - what is a stereoisomer? what are the two types of stereoisomers?
an atom that has four different groups attached to it - CORRECT ANSWER - what is a
chiral atom?
-R configuration - clockwise
-S configuration - counterclockwise - CORRECT ANSWER - If a chiral atoms is in the
"R" configuration, in what direction does the arc go?
if a chiral atom is in the "S" configuration, in what direction does the arc go?
, at least 2 - CORRECT ANSWER - how many chiral centers does a diastereomer need to
have?
the larger the molecular weight, the lower the water solubility - CORRECT ANSWER -
how does molecular weight relate to water-solubility?
-increases water solubility
-alcohols, amines, C=O, ethers, and F - CORRECT ANSWER - -How does the presence of
hydrogen-bonding change the water-solubility?
-What can hydrogen-bond with water?
The more linear, the less water soluble, due to a greater non-polar surface area than a branched
molecule of the same molecular weight - CORRECT ANSWER - What shape of a
molecule can make a substance less water-soluble and why
the larger the molecular weight, the higher the boiling point. - CORRECT ANSWER -
How does molecular weight relate to boiling point?
The more linear, the higher boiling point, due to a greater surface area than a branched molecule
of the same molecular weight.The more surface area, the more chances for van der Waals
attractions. - CORRECT ANSWER - what shape of a molecule can make a molecule have
a higher boiling point and why?
The presence of hydrogen-bonding increases boiling point dramatically.Alcohols, 1* and 2*
amines and amides, and carboxylic acids all hydrogen-bond with other molecules of
themselves.Dipole-dipole attractions between C=O's increase boiling point to a lesser extent. -
CORRECT ANSWER - How does the presence of hydrogen-bonding change the boiling
point?
NMR tells us how many different types of hydrogens or carbons there are in a compound -
CORRECT ANSWER - What does Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry tell
us?
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
isomers are two compounds with the same molecular formula that are different - CORRECT
ANSWER - what are isomers
1. Structural (constitutional) isomers
2. Stereoisomers (two types) - enantiomers and diasteromers
3. Geometric isomers (also known as cis and trans isomers) - CORRECT ANSWER -
What are the three types of isomers?
different bonding arrangement of atoms. atoms are bonded together in a different sequence -
CORRECT ANSWER - what is a structural (constitutional) isomer?
stereoisomers: atoms are bonded together in the same sequence, but have different 3-D
arrangement in space
enantiomers: non-superimposable mirror images
diasteromers: stereoisomers that are not enantiomers: not superimposable and not mirror images
- CORRECT ANSWER - what is a stereoisomer? what are the two types of stereoisomers?
an atom that has four different groups attached to it - CORRECT ANSWER - what is a
chiral atom?
-R configuration - clockwise
-S configuration - counterclockwise - CORRECT ANSWER - If a chiral atoms is in the
"R" configuration, in what direction does the arc go?
if a chiral atom is in the "S" configuration, in what direction does the arc go?
, at least 2 - CORRECT ANSWER - how many chiral centers does a diastereomer need to
have?
the larger the molecular weight, the lower the water solubility - CORRECT ANSWER -
how does molecular weight relate to water-solubility?
-increases water solubility
-alcohols, amines, C=O, ethers, and F - CORRECT ANSWER - -How does the presence of
hydrogen-bonding change the water-solubility?
-What can hydrogen-bond with water?
The more linear, the less water soluble, due to a greater non-polar surface area than a branched
molecule of the same molecular weight - CORRECT ANSWER - What shape of a
molecule can make a substance less water-soluble and why
the larger the molecular weight, the higher the boiling point. - CORRECT ANSWER -
How does molecular weight relate to boiling point?
The more linear, the higher boiling point, due to a greater surface area than a branched molecule
of the same molecular weight.The more surface area, the more chances for van der Waals
attractions. - CORRECT ANSWER - what shape of a molecule can make a molecule have
a higher boiling point and why?
The presence of hydrogen-bonding increases boiling point dramatically.Alcohols, 1* and 2*
amines and amides, and carboxylic acids all hydrogen-bond with other molecules of
themselves.Dipole-dipole attractions between C=O's increase boiling point to a lesser extent. -
CORRECT ANSWER - How does the presence of hydrogen-bonding change the boiling
point?
NMR tells us how many different types of hydrogens or carbons there are in a compound -
CORRECT ANSWER - What does Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry tell
us?
