1|Page
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - ✔✔(2) Kidneys, (2)
ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - ✔✔Removal of waste products, and
Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - ✔✔Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects
on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - ✔✔stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - ✔✔The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated
form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium
from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - ✔✔No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break
down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o
Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - ✔✔Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells
• Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
, 2|Page
What is homeostasis? - ✔✔Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia - ✔✔build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - ✔✔A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes.
Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - ✔✔Diffusion will
continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - ✔✔Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ✔✔Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the
fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion does
not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - ✔✔The blood compartment is
separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do
not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? - ✔✔• Hypotonic-containing less particles • Isotonic-containing equal
particles • Hypertonic-containing more particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - ✔✔Patients develop mild to
severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the
access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterilant used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - ✔✔50 ml of saline should be drained from the
arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the venous line
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - ✔✔(2) Kidneys, (2)
ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - ✔✔Removal of waste products, and
Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - ✔✔Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects
on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - ✔✔stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - ✔✔The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated
form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium
from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - ✔✔No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break
down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o
Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - ✔✔Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells
• Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
, 2|Page
What is homeostasis? - ✔✔Maintaining a stable internal environment
uremia - ✔✔build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - ✔✔A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes.
Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? - ✔✔Diffusion will
continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - ✔✔Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ✔✔Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the
fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy. As a result , diffusion does
not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates them? - ✔✔The blood compartment is
separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do
not mix together.
What are three types of solutions? - ✔✔• Hypotonic-containing less particles • Isotonic-containing equal
particles • Hypertonic-containing more particles
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - ✔✔Patients develop mild to
severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching, pain at the
access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever, all may be symptoms of dialyzer membrane allergy, or
allergy to the sterilant used in the manufacturing process
What volume should be used for fresh fill/run off? - ✔✔50 ml of saline should be drained from the
arterial line and 250 ml should be drained from the venous line
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
