DENTAL
JPUBLIC HEALTH J
&RESEARCH
J J
ContemporaryPractice J
fortheDentalHygienist
J J J J
Fourth Edition
J
ChristineNielsenNathe
J J
, DENTALPUBLIC J
HEALTH&RESEARCH
J J J
Contemporary Practice J
for the Dental Hygienist
J J J J
Fourth Edition J
Christine Nielsen Nathe, RDH, MS
J J J J
Professor and Director
J J J
Division of Dental Hygiene
J J J
Vice Chair J J
Department of Dental MedicineJ J J
University of New Mexico
J J J J
Albuquerque, NM
J J
Boston J J Columbus J J Indianapolis J J NewYork J J San JFrancisco
Amsterdam J J Cape JTown J J Dubai J J London J J Madrid J J Milan J J Munich J J Paris J
J Montreal J J Toronto JDelhi J J Mexico JCity J J São JPaulo J J Sydney J J Hong JKong J J Seoul
J J Singapore J J Taipei J J Tokyo
,Publisher: JJulie JLevin JAlexander Art JDirector: JMaria JGuglielmo JWalsh
JPublisher’s JAssistant: JSarah JHenrich Text J& JCover JDesigner: JSTUDIO JMONTAGE
JExecutive JEditor: JJohn JGoucher Cover JArt: JKasto/Fotolia
JProgram JManager: JNicole JRagonese Media J Director: J Amy J Peltier
JEditorial JAssistant: JAmanda Lead J Media J Project J Manager: J Lorena J Cerisano
JLosonsky JDirector Jof JMarketing: Full-Service JProject JManagement: JCenveo® JPublisher
JDavid JGesell JMarketing JManager: JServices
JBrittany JHammond JMarketing Composition: JCenveo® J Publisher JServices
JSpecialist: JMichael JSirinides JPrinter/Binder: JR.R JDonnelley/Roanoke
Project JManagement JLead: JCynthia JCover JPrinter: JPhoenix JColor/Hagerstown
JZonneveld JProject JManager: JPatricia JText JFont: JTimes JRoman
JGutierrez JOperations JSpecialist: JMaryAnn
JGloriande
Credits Jand Jacknowledgments Jfor Jcontent Jborrowed Jfrom Jother Jsources Jand Jreproduced, Jwith Jpermission, Jin Jthis
Jtextbook Jappear Jon Jthe Jappropriate Jpage Jwithin Jthe Jtext.
Copyright J© J2017, J2011, J2005 Jby JPearson JEducation, JInc. Jor Jits Jaffiliates. JAll JRights JReserved. JPrinted Jin Jthe
JUnited JStates Jof JAmerica. JThis Jpublication Jis Jprotected Jby Jcopyright, Jand Jpermission Jshould Jbe Jobtained Jfrom
Jthe Jpublisher J prior Jto Jany Jprohibited Jreproduction, Jstorage Jin Ja Jretrieval Jsystem, Jor Jtransmission Jin Jany
Jform Jor Jby Jany Jmeans, J electronic, Jmechanical, Jphotocopying, Jrecording, Jor Jotherwise. JFor Jinformation
Jregarding Jpermissions, Jrequest Jforms J and J the J appropriate J contacts J within J the J Pearson J Education
J Global J Rights J & J Permissions J department, J please J visit Jwww.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Notice: JThe Jauthor Jand Jthe Jpublisher Jof Jthis Jbook Jhave Jtaken Jcare Jto Jmake Jcertain Jthat Jthe Jinformation Jgiven
Jis Jcor- Jrect Jand Jcompatible Jwith Jthe Jstandards Jgenerally Jaccepted Jat Jthe Jtime Jof Jpublication. JNevertheless, Jas
Jnew Jinforma- Jtion Jbecomes Javailable, Jchanges Jin Jtreatment Jand Jin Jthe Juse Jof Jequipment Jand Jprocedures
Jbecome Jnecessary. JThe Jreader Jis Jadvised Jto Jcarefully Jconsult Jthe Jinstruction Jand Jinformation Jmaterial
Jincluded Jin Jeach Jpiece Jof Jequipment Jor Jdevice Jbefore Jadministration. JStudents Jare Jwarned Jthat Jthe Juse Jof
Jany Jtechniques Jmust Jbe Jauthorized Jby Jtheir Jmedical Jadvisor, Jwhere Jappropriate, Jin Jaccordance Jwith Jlocal
Jlaws Jand Jregulations. JThe Jpublisher Jdisclaims Jany Jli- Jability, Jloss, Jinjury, Jor Jdamage Jincurred Jas Ja
Jconsequence, Jdirectly Jor Jindirectly, Jof Jthe Juse Jand Japplication Jof Jany Jof Jthe Jcontents Jof Jthis Jbook.
Many Jof Jthe Jdesignations Jby Jmanufacturers Jand Jseller Jto Jdistinguish Jtheir Jproducts Jare Jclaimed Jas
Jtrademarks. JWhere Jthose Jdesignations Jappear Jin Jthis Jbook, Jand Jthe Jpublisher Jwas Jaware Jof Ja Jtrademark Jclaim,
Jthe Jdesignations Jhave Jbeen Jprinted Jin Jinitial Jcaps Jor Jall Jcaps.
Library Jof JCongress JCataloging-in-Publication JData
Names: J Nathe, J Christine J Nielsen, J author.
Title: JDental Jpublic Jhealth J& Jresearch: Jcontemporary Jpractice Jfor Jthe
Jdental Jhygienist J/ JChristine JNielsen JNathe.
Other Jtitles: JDental Jpublic Jhealth Jand Jresearch
Description: JFourth Jedition. J| JBoston J: JPearson, J[2017] J| JPreceded Jby
JDental Jpublic Jhealth Jand Jresearch J/ JChristine JNielsen JNathe. J3rd Jed.
Jc2011. J| JIncludes Jbibliographical Jreferences Jand Jindex.
Identifiers: JLCCN J2015043542| JISBN J9780134255460 J| JISBN J0134255461
Subjects: J| JMESH: JDental JCare—United JStates. J| JDental JHygienists—
United JStates. J | J Delivery J of J Health J Care—United J States. J |
J Education, JDental—United JStates. J| JPublic JHealth JDentistry—
United JStates.
Classification: JLCC JRK60.7 J| JNLM JWU J90 J| JDDC J617.6/01—
dc23 JLC Jrecord Javailable Jat Jhttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015043542
10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J4 J3 J2 J1
ISBN J 10: J0134255461
, ISBN J 13: J9780134255460
JPUBLIC HEALTH J
&RESEARCH
J J
ContemporaryPractice J
fortheDentalHygienist
J J J J
Fourth Edition
J
ChristineNielsenNathe
J J
, DENTALPUBLIC J
HEALTH&RESEARCH
J J J
Contemporary Practice J
for the Dental Hygienist
J J J J
Fourth Edition J
Christine Nielsen Nathe, RDH, MS
J J J J
Professor and Director
J J J
Division of Dental Hygiene
J J J
Vice Chair J J
Department of Dental MedicineJ J J
University of New Mexico
J J J J
Albuquerque, NM
J J
Boston J J Columbus J J Indianapolis J J NewYork J J San JFrancisco
Amsterdam J J Cape JTown J J Dubai J J London J J Madrid J J Milan J J Munich J J Paris J
J Montreal J J Toronto JDelhi J J Mexico JCity J J São JPaulo J J Sydney J J Hong JKong J J Seoul
J J Singapore J J Taipei J J Tokyo
,Publisher: JJulie JLevin JAlexander Art JDirector: JMaria JGuglielmo JWalsh
JPublisher’s JAssistant: JSarah JHenrich Text J& JCover JDesigner: JSTUDIO JMONTAGE
JExecutive JEditor: JJohn JGoucher Cover JArt: JKasto/Fotolia
JProgram JManager: JNicole JRagonese Media J Director: J Amy J Peltier
JEditorial JAssistant: JAmanda Lead J Media J Project J Manager: J Lorena J Cerisano
JLosonsky JDirector Jof JMarketing: Full-Service JProject JManagement: JCenveo® JPublisher
JDavid JGesell JMarketing JManager: JServices
JBrittany JHammond JMarketing Composition: JCenveo® J Publisher JServices
JSpecialist: JMichael JSirinides JPrinter/Binder: JR.R JDonnelley/Roanoke
Project JManagement JLead: JCynthia JCover JPrinter: JPhoenix JColor/Hagerstown
JZonneveld JProject JManager: JPatricia JText JFont: JTimes JRoman
JGutierrez JOperations JSpecialist: JMaryAnn
JGloriande
Credits Jand Jacknowledgments Jfor Jcontent Jborrowed Jfrom Jother Jsources Jand Jreproduced, Jwith Jpermission, Jin Jthis
Jtextbook Jappear Jon Jthe Jappropriate Jpage Jwithin Jthe Jtext.
Copyright J© J2017, J2011, J2005 Jby JPearson JEducation, JInc. Jor Jits Jaffiliates. JAll JRights JReserved. JPrinted Jin Jthe
JUnited JStates Jof JAmerica. JThis Jpublication Jis Jprotected Jby Jcopyright, Jand Jpermission Jshould Jbe Jobtained Jfrom
Jthe Jpublisher J prior Jto Jany Jprohibited Jreproduction, Jstorage Jin Ja Jretrieval Jsystem, Jor Jtransmission Jin Jany
Jform Jor Jby Jany Jmeans, J electronic, Jmechanical, Jphotocopying, Jrecording, Jor Jotherwise. JFor Jinformation
Jregarding Jpermissions, Jrequest Jforms J and J the J appropriate J contacts J within J the J Pearson J Education
J Global J Rights J & J Permissions J department, J please J visit Jwww.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Notice: JThe Jauthor Jand Jthe Jpublisher Jof Jthis Jbook Jhave Jtaken Jcare Jto Jmake Jcertain Jthat Jthe Jinformation Jgiven
Jis Jcor- Jrect Jand Jcompatible Jwith Jthe Jstandards Jgenerally Jaccepted Jat Jthe Jtime Jof Jpublication. JNevertheless, Jas
Jnew Jinforma- Jtion Jbecomes Javailable, Jchanges Jin Jtreatment Jand Jin Jthe Juse Jof Jequipment Jand Jprocedures
Jbecome Jnecessary. JThe Jreader Jis Jadvised Jto Jcarefully Jconsult Jthe Jinstruction Jand Jinformation Jmaterial
Jincluded Jin Jeach Jpiece Jof Jequipment Jor Jdevice Jbefore Jadministration. JStudents Jare Jwarned Jthat Jthe Juse Jof
Jany Jtechniques Jmust Jbe Jauthorized Jby Jtheir Jmedical Jadvisor, Jwhere Jappropriate, Jin Jaccordance Jwith Jlocal
Jlaws Jand Jregulations. JThe Jpublisher Jdisclaims Jany Jli- Jability, Jloss, Jinjury, Jor Jdamage Jincurred Jas Ja
Jconsequence, Jdirectly Jor Jindirectly, Jof Jthe Juse Jand Japplication Jof Jany Jof Jthe Jcontents Jof Jthis Jbook.
Many Jof Jthe Jdesignations Jby Jmanufacturers Jand Jseller Jto Jdistinguish Jtheir Jproducts Jare Jclaimed Jas
Jtrademarks. JWhere Jthose Jdesignations Jappear Jin Jthis Jbook, Jand Jthe Jpublisher Jwas Jaware Jof Ja Jtrademark Jclaim,
Jthe Jdesignations Jhave Jbeen Jprinted Jin Jinitial Jcaps Jor Jall Jcaps.
Library Jof JCongress JCataloging-in-Publication JData
Names: J Nathe, J Christine J Nielsen, J author.
Title: JDental Jpublic Jhealth J& Jresearch: Jcontemporary Jpractice Jfor Jthe
Jdental Jhygienist J/ JChristine JNielsen JNathe.
Other Jtitles: JDental Jpublic Jhealth Jand Jresearch
Description: JFourth Jedition. J| JBoston J: JPearson, J[2017] J| JPreceded Jby
JDental Jpublic Jhealth Jand Jresearch J/ JChristine JNielsen JNathe. J3rd Jed.
Jc2011. J| JIncludes Jbibliographical Jreferences Jand Jindex.
Identifiers: JLCCN J2015043542| JISBN J9780134255460 J| JISBN J0134255461
Subjects: J| JMESH: JDental JCare—United JStates. J| JDental JHygienists—
United JStates. J | J Delivery J of J Health J Care—United J States. J |
J Education, JDental—United JStates. J| JPublic JHealth JDentistry—
United JStates.
Classification: JLCC JRK60.7 J| JNLM JWU J90 J| JDDC J617.6/01—
dc23 JLC Jrecord Javailable Jat Jhttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015043542
10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J4 J3 J2 J1
ISBN J 10: J0134255461
, ISBN J 13: J9780134255460
