FRNSC 413: Exam 3, DNA Latest
Updated Graded A+
_____ picogram in haploid cells - ANSWER-3
______ picogram in diploid cells. - ANSWER-6
______________ densely packed DNA found in "nucleolus" of nucleus - ANSWER-
Chromatin
1 nanogram in _____________ picograms - ANSWER-1000
adenine - ANSWER-
Allele - ANSWER-the # of repeats exhibited in a particular STR marker, resulting in
different length
Amenogelin- sex determining locus - ANSWER--gene on X chromosome that codes for
proteins associated with tooth enamel
-an "X-chromosome" amenogelin gene region exists on Y chromosome
-Region of this gene has a 6 BP deletion on the x-chromosome so the x is ___ is size
An exception found in mitoDNA is - ANSWER-heteroplasmy
body cells - ANSWER-any cell other than a germ cell
Buffers/ions - ANSWER-maintain pH; ions help later
Central Dogma - ANSWER-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
centricon/microcon purification - ANSWER--filtration based on size
not as good as PCIA but is good for preserving a higher yield of DNA
Challenges in using DNA in forensic case - ANSWER--Mixtures must be resolved
-DNA is often degraded
-Inhibitors to PCR present (too much heme in PCR can interfere and wont work with
short tandem repeat)
Chelex Extraction (for neat samples) - ANSWER--An ion-exchange column resin
-Iminodiacetic acid
-Iminoacetate ion had cleating characteristics (which is the binding of ions or molecules
to metal ions)
-Metal ions can act as catalysts for nucleases and thus help degrade DNA by enzymatic
degradation of hydrolysis
, -Binds magnesium and removes them from the mixture= DNA stabilized and preserved
-DNA that is extracted is partially SINGLE STRANDED (due to heat etc. )
Chromosomes consist of - ANSWER--complete set of genetic information including
exons and introns
Cytosine - ANSWER-
degradation - ANSWER-
Differential DNA extraction (mixtures) - ANSWER--Separated two different components
(refer to study guide)
DNA - ANSWER-deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is pack via process of "supercoiling" and is tightly wound around
______________(proteins) to form ___________ - ANSWER-Histones; nucleosomes
Double stranded nuclear DNA is packaged into __________________ - ANSWER-
chromosomes
Drop Out - ANSWER-
DTT - ANSWER-Differential xtration breaks disulfide bonds and allows the sperm heads
to be broken down
EDTA - ANSWER-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chelates metal ions that can
degrade DNA and cause hydrolysis of DNA
Extraction techniques - ANSWER--Chelex
-FTA
-Robotic
-Organic
-Differential
Factors that complicate interpretations - ANSWER--Stutter
-Pull up
-Spikes
-Dye Blobs
-Degradation
-Low DNA template amount
Final extraction purification - ANSWER-1.PCIA gets rid of proteins
2. Ethanol precipitate creates salt bridges. OR centricon/microcon purification
flaking regions - ANSWER-where primers bind
Updated Graded A+
_____ picogram in haploid cells - ANSWER-3
______ picogram in diploid cells. - ANSWER-6
______________ densely packed DNA found in "nucleolus" of nucleus - ANSWER-
Chromatin
1 nanogram in _____________ picograms - ANSWER-1000
adenine - ANSWER-
Allele - ANSWER-the # of repeats exhibited in a particular STR marker, resulting in
different length
Amenogelin- sex determining locus - ANSWER--gene on X chromosome that codes for
proteins associated with tooth enamel
-an "X-chromosome" amenogelin gene region exists on Y chromosome
-Region of this gene has a 6 BP deletion on the x-chromosome so the x is ___ is size
An exception found in mitoDNA is - ANSWER-heteroplasmy
body cells - ANSWER-any cell other than a germ cell
Buffers/ions - ANSWER-maintain pH; ions help later
Central Dogma - ANSWER-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
centricon/microcon purification - ANSWER--filtration based on size
not as good as PCIA but is good for preserving a higher yield of DNA
Challenges in using DNA in forensic case - ANSWER--Mixtures must be resolved
-DNA is often degraded
-Inhibitors to PCR present (too much heme in PCR can interfere and wont work with
short tandem repeat)
Chelex Extraction (for neat samples) - ANSWER--An ion-exchange column resin
-Iminodiacetic acid
-Iminoacetate ion had cleating characteristics (which is the binding of ions or molecules
to metal ions)
-Metal ions can act as catalysts for nucleases and thus help degrade DNA by enzymatic
degradation of hydrolysis
, -Binds magnesium and removes them from the mixture= DNA stabilized and preserved
-DNA that is extracted is partially SINGLE STRANDED (due to heat etc. )
Chromosomes consist of - ANSWER--complete set of genetic information including
exons and introns
Cytosine - ANSWER-
degradation - ANSWER-
Differential DNA extraction (mixtures) - ANSWER--Separated two different components
(refer to study guide)
DNA - ANSWER-deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is pack via process of "supercoiling" and is tightly wound around
______________(proteins) to form ___________ - ANSWER-Histones; nucleosomes
Double stranded nuclear DNA is packaged into __________________ - ANSWER-
chromosomes
Drop Out - ANSWER-
DTT - ANSWER-Differential xtration breaks disulfide bonds and allows the sperm heads
to be broken down
EDTA - ANSWER-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chelates metal ions that can
degrade DNA and cause hydrolysis of DNA
Extraction techniques - ANSWER--Chelex
-FTA
-Robotic
-Organic
-Differential
Factors that complicate interpretations - ANSWER--Stutter
-Pull up
-Spikes
-Dye Blobs
-Degradation
-Low DNA template amount
Final extraction purification - ANSWER-1.PCIA gets rid of proteins
2. Ethanol precipitate creates salt bridges. OR centricon/microcon purification
flaking regions - ANSWER-where primers bind
