©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Organic Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry Overview
Organic Chemistry - Answers✓✓One of the five main branches of Chemistry that deals with carbon
containing compounds.
Hydrocarbons - Answers✓✓Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Vital Force Theory - Answers✓✓Formerly defined as the branch of science concerned with substances
derived from living things.
Flammability (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds are flammable, while inorganic
compounds are not flammable.
Boiling Point (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds generally have low boiling points,
whereas inorganic compounds have high boiling points.
Solubility in Water (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds are usually insoluble in
water, while inorganic compounds are soluble.
Solubility in Non-Polar Solvents - Answers✓✓Organic compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents,
while inorganic compounds are insoluble.
Types of Bonding (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds primarily exhibit covalent
bonding, while inorganic compounds exhibit ionic bonding.
Isomerism - Answers✓✓Organic compounds exhibit isomerism, while inorganic compounds do not.
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Atoms per Molecules (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds typically have several
atoms per molecule, while inorganic compounds have few.
Structure (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds have complex structures, whereas
inorganic compounds have simple structures.
Electrical Conductivity (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds have poor electrical
conductivity, while inorganic compounds have good electrical conductivity.
Carbon - Answers✓✓The chemical basis of life, found in Group IV, Period II in the Periodic Table of
Elements.
Carbon Atomic Number - Answers✓✓The atomic number of carbon is 6.
Carbon Valence - Answers✓✓Carbon has a valence of 4, needing 4 more electrons to complete its octet.
Allotropes of Carbon - Answers✓✓Different structural forms of carbon, including C60 (Buckyball),
Diamond, Graphite, and Amorphous Carbon.
Catenation - Answers✓✓The linkage of atoms of the same element into longer chains, occurring most
readily in carbon.
Molecular Formula - Answers✓✓A formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present
in one molecule of a specific compound.
Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a
molecule are bonded to each other.
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Two-Dimensional Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A representation that shows the arrangement and
bonding of atoms in a molecule.
Expanded Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that shows all atoms and bonds
explicitly.
Skeletal Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that uses lines to represent carbon to
carbon bonds.
Line-Angle Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that represents carbon atoms at the
ends of lines and does not explicitly show hydrogen atoms.
Condensed Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that uses grouping of atoms and
bonding of the atoms is understood to be present.
Three-Dimensional Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A representation of a molecule that shows the
spatial arrangement of atoms.
Dash-Wedge Model - Answers✓✓A model that uses dashes to represent bonds receding behind the
page and wedges for bonds coming out of the page.
Space-Filling Model - Answers✓✓A model that emphasizes the overall shape of the molecule and the
connections amongst the atoms.
Ball-and-Line Model - Answers✓✓A model that represents atoms as balls and bonds as lines.
Stick Model - Answers✓✓A model that shows the tetrahedral arrangement of bonds about carbon
atoms.
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Functional Group - Answers✓✓Specific structural arrangement of atoms or bonds that imparts a
characteristic chemical reactivity to the molecule.
Commonly Encountered Functional Groups - Answers✓✓Groups of atoms that exhibit characteristic and
predictable chemical behavior.
Alkane - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula R-H.
Alkene - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula RC=CR.
Alkyne - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula RC≡CR.
Arene/Aromatic Hydrocarbon - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula R-Ar.
Alkyl Halide/Haloalkane - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula R-X.
Aryl Halide/Haloarene - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula Ar-X.
Alcohol - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-OH.
Phenol - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula Ar-OH.
Ether - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-O-R.
Thiol - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-SH.
Thioether - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-S-R.
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Organic Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry Overview
Organic Chemistry - Answers✓✓One of the five main branches of Chemistry that deals with carbon
containing compounds.
Hydrocarbons - Answers✓✓Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Vital Force Theory - Answers✓✓Formerly defined as the branch of science concerned with substances
derived from living things.
Flammability (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds are flammable, while inorganic
compounds are not flammable.
Boiling Point (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds generally have low boiling points,
whereas inorganic compounds have high boiling points.
Solubility in Water (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds are usually insoluble in
water, while inorganic compounds are soluble.
Solubility in Non-Polar Solvents - Answers✓✓Organic compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents,
while inorganic compounds are insoluble.
Types of Bonding (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds primarily exhibit covalent
bonding, while inorganic compounds exhibit ionic bonding.
Isomerism - Answers✓✓Organic compounds exhibit isomerism, while inorganic compounds do not.
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Atoms per Molecules (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds typically have several
atoms per molecule, while inorganic compounds have few.
Structure (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds have complex structures, whereas
inorganic compounds have simple structures.
Electrical Conductivity (Organic vs Inorganic) - Answers✓✓Organic compounds have poor electrical
conductivity, while inorganic compounds have good electrical conductivity.
Carbon - Answers✓✓The chemical basis of life, found in Group IV, Period II in the Periodic Table of
Elements.
Carbon Atomic Number - Answers✓✓The atomic number of carbon is 6.
Carbon Valence - Answers✓✓Carbon has a valence of 4, needing 4 more electrons to complete its octet.
Allotropes of Carbon - Answers✓✓Different structural forms of carbon, including C60 (Buckyball),
Diamond, Graphite, and Amorphous Carbon.
Catenation - Answers✓✓The linkage of atoms of the same element into longer chains, occurring most
readily in carbon.
Molecular Formula - Answers✓✓A formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present
in one molecule of a specific compound.
Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a
molecule are bonded to each other.
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Two-Dimensional Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A representation that shows the arrangement and
bonding of atoms in a molecule.
Expanded Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that shows all atoms and bonds
explicitly.
Skeletal Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that uses lines to represent carbon to
carbon bonds.
Line-Angle Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that represents carbon atoms at the
ends of lines and does not explicitly show hydrogen atoms.
Condensed Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A structural formula that uses grouping of atoms and
bonding of the atoms is understood to be present.
Three-Dimensional Structural Formula - Answers✓✓A representation of a molecule that shows the
spatial arrangement of atoms.
Dash-Wedge Model - Answers✓✓A model that uses dashes to represent bonds receding behind the
page and wedges for bonds coming out of the page.
Space-Filling Model - Answers✓✓A model that emphasizes the overall shape of the molecule and the
connections amongst the atoms.
Ball-and-Line Model - Answers✓✓A model that represents atoms as balls and bonds as lines.
Stick Model - Answers✓✓A model that shows the tetrahedral arrangement of bonds about carbon
atoms.
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/12/2024 11:21AM
Functional Group - Answers✓✓Specific structural arrangement of atoms or bonds that imparts a
characteristic chemical reactivity to the molecule.
Commonly Encountered Functional Groups - Answers✓✓Groups of atoms that exhibit characteristic and
predictable chemical behavior.
Alkane - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula R-H.
Alkene - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula RC=CR.
Alkyne - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula RC≡CR.
Arene/Aromatic Hydrocarbon - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula R-Ar.
Alkyl Halide/Haloalkane - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula R-X.
Aryl Halide/Haloarene - Answers✓✓A family of hydrocarbons with the general formula Ar-X.
Alcohol - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-OH.
Phenol - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula Ar-OH.
Ether - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-O-R.
Thiol - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-SH.
Thioether - Answers✓✓A functional group with the general formula R-S-R.
