,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene 3rd EditionBeemste
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
rboer
Chapter 02: Ethical Theory and Philosophy
b b b b b
Beemsterboer: Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene, 3rd Edition
b b b b b b b b
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Ethicalbdecisionbmakingbisbabbehaviorbandbcanbbebdonebwellborbdonebpoorly.bItbisbinherentbandbis
bnotbtaughtborblearned.
a. Bothbstatementsbarebtrue.
b. Bothbstatementsbarebfalse.
c. Thebfirstbstatementbisbtrue,bthebsecondbstatementbisbfalse.
d. Thebfirstbstatementbisbfalse,bthebsecondbstatementbisbtrue.
ANS:b C
Ethicalbdecisionbmakingbisbsomethingbthatbcanbbebdonebwellborbdonebpoorlybandbitbisbsomethingbt
hatbcanbbebtaughtbandblearned.bManybproblemsbarebsituationsbinbwhichbwebcanbeasilybdetermineb
whatbtobdo,bbutbinbotherbsituationsbdeterminingbwhatbisbthebethicalbactionbtakesbcarefulbreflection
.bAnbintroductionbtobthebfoundationbofbethicalbtheorybcanbguidebethicalbdecisionbmakingbandbassi
stbinbunderstandingbthebprocessbbybwhichbsuchbdecisionsbarebmade.
DIF: Comprehension REF:bbbp.b15 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
2. Moralbdevelopmentbisbthoughtbtobbebabprocess,bbecausebmoralbdevelopmentbhasbbeenbshownbtobt
ypicallyboccurbinbprogressivebstepsborbstages.
a. Bothbthebstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbandbrelated.
b. BothbthebstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbbutbNOTbrelated.
c. Thebstatementbisbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbNOT.
d. ThebstatementbisbNOTbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
e. NEITHERbthebstatementbNORbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
ANS:b A
Justbasbeachbindividualbdevelopsbphysicallybandbintellectually,bmoralbdevelopmentbalsobhasbb
eenbshownbtobtypicallyboccurbinbprogressivebstepsborbstages.bSomebresearchersbhavebrelatedbag
e,bmaturationbofbcomponentsbofbpersonality,bandbincreasedbexperiencebwithbmoralbdevelopme
nt,bwhereasbothersbhavebstressedbthatbmoralbdevelopmentbhasbabcognitivebcomponentbasbwell.
DIF: Comprehension REF:bbbp.b15 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
3. Whichbofbthebfollowingbisbthoughtbtobbebonebofbthebstrongestbandbmostbconsistentbcorrelatesb
withbdevelopmentbofbmoralbjudgment?
a. Age
b. Yearsbofbformalbeducation
c. Socialbstatus
d. Income
ANS:b B
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,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene 3rd EditionBeemste
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
rboer
Yearsbofbformalbeducationbisbonebofbthebstrongestbandbmostbconsistentbcorrelatesbwithbdevelo
pmentbofbmoralbjudgment.bItbisbevenbstrongerbthanbchronologicbage.bForbmanybpeoplebmoralbd
evelopmentbcontinuesbasblongbasbthebpersonbisbinbabformalbenvironment,bbutbthenbplateausbup
onbleavingbschool.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b16 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
4. Moralbeducationbprogramsbseembtobbebmostbeffectivebamongbwhichbofbthebfollowingbmembersbo
fbsociety?
a. Infants
b. Children
c. Adolescents
d. Adults
ANS:b D
Adultsbseemedbtobgainbmorebfrombsuchbprogramsbthanbdidbyoungerbchildren,bmostblikelybbecaus
ebabwiderbrangebofblifebexperiencesbtypicallybenrichesbabperson’sbawarenessbofbthebmoralbaspectsbo
fbsituations.bAbreviewbofbmoralbeducationbprogramsbrevealedbthatbalmostbhalfbwerebeffectivebinbp
romotingbmoralbdevelopment,bespeciallybifbthebprogramblastedblongerbthanbabfewbweeksbandbifbth
ebprogrambinvolvedbthebparticipantsbinbdiscussionsbofbcontroversialbmoralbdilemmas.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b16 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
5. Thebcapacitybforbmoralbjudgmentbisbrigid,bbecausebabperson’sbcognitivebmoralbdevelopmentba
ndbhisborbherbabilitybtobemploybwhatbheborbshebunderstandsbpeaksbatbabcertainbage.
a. Bothbthatbstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbandbrelated.
b. BothbthebstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbbutbNOTbrelated.
c. Thebstatementbisbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbNOT.
d. ThebstatementbisbNOTbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
e. NEITHERbthebstatementbNORbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
ANS:b E
Findingsbsuggestbthatbthebcapacitybforbmoralbjudgmentbisbnotbasbrigidbasbsomebhavebargued.bNe
itherbabperson’sbcognitivebmoralbdevelopmentbnorbhisborbherbabilitybtobemploybwhatbheborbshebu
nderstandsbinbactualbdecisionsbisbfrozenbatbsomebspecifiedbage.bIndividualsbcanbcontinuebtoblear
n,bandbresearchbhasbsupportedbthebideabthatbadultsbmakebgreaterbgainsbthanbchildren.
DIF: Comprehension REF:bbbp.b16 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
6. AccordingbtobPiaget’sbfour-
stagebmodelbofbmoralbdevelopment,bthebegocentricbstagebisbfoundbinbindividualsbofbwhichbofbthebf
ollowingbages?
a. 0-2byearsbold
b. 2-7byearsbold
c. 7-12byearsbold
d. 12byearsboldbandbolder
ANS:b B
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, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene 3rd EditionBeemste
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
rboer
Thebegocentricbstagebisbfrombagesb2btob7byearsbold.bChildrenbinbthisbagebgroupbarebthoughtbtobb
endbrulesbandbreactbinstinctivelybtobthebenvironment.bThebamoralbstagebisbfrombagesb0btob2byear
s.bThebheteronomousbstagebisbfrombagesb7btob12byears.bChildrenbinbthisbagebgroupbacceptbthebm
oralbauthoritybofbothers.bPersonsb12byearsboldbandbolderbarebthoughtbtobbebautonomousbandbhav
ebabmoralitybofbselfbbasedbonbcooperation;brulesbandbregulationsbbecomebinternalized.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b17 OBJ:b 2
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
7. AccordingbtobPiaget,brulesbarebtestedbandbbecomebinternalizedbduringbwhichbofbthebfollowingbs
tagesbofbmoralbdevelopment?
a. Amoralbstage
b. Egocentricbstage
c. Heteronomousbstage
d. Autonomousbstage
ANS:b D
Rulesbbecomebinternalizedbduringbthebautonomousbstagebofbmoralbdevelopment.bThebegocentric
bstagebisbcharacterizedbbybbendingbrulesbandbinstinctivebreactionbtobthebenvironment.bThebheteron
omousbstagebisbtypifiedbbybacceptancebofbthebmoralbauthoritybofbothers.bEachbstagebinbthebprocess
bofbcognitivebmoralbdevelopmentbinvolvesbjudgmentbskillsbthatbarebmorebcomplex,bcomprehensi
ve,bandbdifferentiatedbfrombthebprecedingbstage.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b17 OBJ:b 2
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
8. WhichbofbthebfollowingbisbthebmostbbasicbstagebofbKohlberg’sbthree-
levelbmodelbofbmoralbdevelopment?
a. Interpersonalbconcordanceborientation
b. Lawbandborderborientation
c. Punishmentbandbobedienceborientation
d. Instrumentalbrelativistborientation
e. Socialbcontractblegalisticborientation
ANS:b C
Kohlberg’sbtheorybfocusesbprimarilybonbcognitivebprocesses.bHebdefinedbsixbstages,bofbwhichbp
unishmentbandbobedienceborientationbisbfirst.bThisbstagebisbfollowedbbybStageb2:binstrumentalbrel
ativistborientation,bStageb3:binterpersonalbconcordanceborientation,bStageb4:blawbandborderborie
ntation,bStageb5:bsocialbcontractblegalisticborientation,bandbStageb6:buniversalbethicalbprinciplebo
rientation.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b17 OBJ:b 2
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
9. WhichbofbthebfollowingbstagesbofbKohlberg’sbthree-
levelbmodelbofbmoralbdevelopmentbisbconsideredbtobbebconventionalbreasoning,binbwhichbe
xpectationsbofbfamilybandbgroupsbarebmaintainedbandbwherebloyaltybandbconformitybarebco
nsideredbimportant?
a. Lawbandborderborientation
b. Instrumentalbrelativistborientation
c. Socialbcontractblegalisticborientation
d. Universalbethicalbprincipleborientation
mynursytest.store
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
rboer
Chapter 02: Ethical Theory and Philosophy
b b b b b
Beemsterboer: Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene, 3rd Edition
b b b b b b b b
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Ethicalbdecisionbmakingbisbabbehaviorbandbcanbbebdonebwellborbdonebpoorly.bItbisbinherentbandbis
bnotbtaughtborblearned.
a. Bothbstatementsbarebtrue.
b. Bothbstatementsbarebfalse.
c. Thebfirstbstatementbisbtrue,bthebsecondbstatementbisbfalse.
d. Thebfirstbstatementbisbfalse,bthebsecondbstatementbisbtrue.
ANS:b C
Ethicalbdecisionbmakingbisbsomethingbthatbcanbbebdonebwellborbdonebpoorlybandbitbisbsomethingbt
hatbcanbbebtaughtbandblearned.bManybproblemsbarebsituationsbinbwhichbwebcanbeasilybdetermineb
whatbtobdo,bbutbinbotherbsituationsbdeterminingbwhatbisbthebethicalbactionbtakesbcarefulbreflection
.bAnbintroductionbtobthebfoundationbofbethicalbtheorybcanbguidebethicalbdecisionbmakingbandbassi
stbinbunderstandingbthebprocessbbybwhichbsuchbdecisionsbarebmade.
DIF: Comprehension REF:bbbp.b15 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
2. Moralbdevelopmentbisbthoughtbtobbebabprocess,bbecausebmoralbdevelopmentbhasbbeenbshownbtobt
ypicallyboccurbinbprogressivebstepsborbstages.
a. Bothbthebstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbandbrelated.
b. BothbthebstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbbutbNOTbrelated.
c. Thebstatementbisbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbNOT.
d. ThebstatementbisbNOTbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
e. NEITHERbthebstatementbNORbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
ANS:b A
Justbasbeachbindividualbdevelopsbphysicallybandbintellectually,bmoralbdevelopmentbalsobhasbb
eenbshownbtobtypicallyboccurbinbprogressivebstepsborbstages.bSomebresearchersbhavebrelatedbag
e,bmaturationbofbcomponentsbofbpersonality,bandbincreasedbexperiencebwithbmoralbdevelopme
nt,bwhereasbothersbhavebstressedbthatbmoralbdevelopmentbhasbabcognitivebcomponentbasbwell.
DIF: Comprehension REF:bbbp.b15 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
3. Whichbofbthebfollowingbisbthoughtbtobbebonebofbthebstrongestbandbmostbconsistentbcorrelatesb
withbdevelopmentbofbmoralbjudgment?
a. Age
b. Yearsbofbformalbeducation
c. Socialbstatus
d. Income
ANS:b B
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene 3rd EditionBeemste
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
rboer
Yearsbofbformalbeducationbisbonebofbthebstrongestbandbmostbconsistentbcorrelatesbwithbdevelo
pmentbofbmoralbjudgment.bItbisbevenbstrongerbthanbchronologicbage.bForbmanybpeoplebmoralbd
evelopmentbcontinuesbasblongbasbthebpersonbisbinbabformalbenvironment,bbutbthenbplateausbup
onbleavingbschool.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b16 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
4. Moralbeducationbprogramsbseembtobbebmostbeffectivebamongbwhichbofbthebfollowingbmembersbo
fbsociety?
a. Infants
b. Children
c. Adolescents
d. Adults
ANS:b D
Adultsbseemedbtobgainbmorebfrombsuchbprogramsbthanbdidbyoungerbchildren,bmostblikelybbecaus
ebabwiderbrangebofblifebexperiencesbtypicallybenrichesbabperson’sbawarenessbofbthebmoralbaspectsbo
fbsituations.bAbreviewbofbmoralbeducationbprogramsbrevealedbthatbalmostbhalfbwerebeffectivebinbp
romotingbmoralbdevelopment,bespeciallybifbthebprogramblastedblongerbthanbabfewbweeksbandbifbth
ebprogrambinvolvedbthebparticipantsbinbdiscussionsbofbcontroversialbmoralbdilemmas.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b16 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
5. Thebcapacitybforbmoralbjudgmentbisbrigid,bbecausebabperson’sbcognitivebmoralbdevelopmentba
ndbhisborbherbabilitybtobemploybwhatbheborbshebunderstandsbpeaksbatbabcertainbage.
a. Bothbthatbstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbandbrelated.
b. BothbthebstatementbandbreasonbarebcorrectbbutbNOTbrelated.
c. Thebstatementbisbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbNOT.
d. ThebstatementbisbNOTbcorrect,bbutbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
e. NEITHERbthebstatementbNORbthebreasonbisbcorrect.
ANS:b E
Findingsbsuggestbthatbthebcapacitybforbmoralbjudgmentbisbnotbasbrigidbasbsomebhavebargued.bNe
itherbabperson’sbcognitivebmoralbdevelopmentbnorbhisborbherbabilitybtobemploybwhatbheborbshebu
nderstandsbinbactualbdecisionsbisbfrozenbatbsomebspecifiedbage.bIndividualsbcanbcontinuebtoblear
n,bandbresearchbhasbsupportedbthebideabthatbadultsbmakebgreaterbgainsbthanbchildren.
DIF: Comprehension REF:bbbp.b16 OBJ:b 1
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
6. AccordingbtobPiaget’sbfour-
stagebmodelbofbmoralbdevelopment,bthebegocentricbstagebisbfoundbinbindividualsbofbwhichbofbthebf
ollowingbages?
a. 0-2byearsbold
b. 2-7byearsbold
c. 7-12byearsbold
d. 12byearsboldbandbolder
ANS:b B
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene 3rd EditionBeemste
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
rboer
Thebegocentricbstagebisbfrombagesb2btob7byearsbold.bChildrenbinbthisbagebgroupbarebthoughtbtobb
endbrulesbandbreactbinstinctivelybtobthebenvironment.bThebamoralbstagebisbfrombagesb0btob2byear
s.bThebheteronomousbstagebisbfrombagesb7btob12byears.bChildrenbinbthisbagebgroupbacceptbthebm
oralbauthoritybofbothers.bPersonsb12byearsboldbandbolderbarebthoughtbtobbebautonomousbandbhav
ebabmoralitybofbselfbbasedbonbcooperation;brulesbandbregulationsbbecomebinternalized.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b17 OBJ:b 2
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
7. AccordingbtobPiaget,brulesbarebtestedbandbbecomebinternalizedbduringbwhichbofbthebfollowingbs
tagesbofbmoralbdevelopment?
a. Amoralbstage
b. Egocentricbstage
c. Heteronomousbstage
d. Autonomousbstage
ANS:b D
Rulesbbecomebinternalizedbduringbthebautonomousbstagebofbmoralbdevelopment.bThebegocentric
bstagebisbcharacterizedbbybbendingbrulesbandbinstinctivebreactionbtobthebenvironment.bThebheteron
omousbstagebisbtypifiedbbybacceptancebofbthebmoralbauthoritybofbothers.bEachbstagebinbthebprocess
bofbcognitivebmoralbdevelopmentbinvolvesbjudgmentbskillsbthatbarebmorebcomplex,bcomprehensi
ve,bandbdifferentiatedbfrombthebprecedingbstage.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b17 OBJ:b 2
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
8. WhichbofbthebfollowingbisbthebmostbbasicbstagebofbKohlberg’sbthree-
levelbmodelbofbmoralbdevelopment?
a. Interpersonalbconcordanceborientation
b. Lawbandborderborientation
c. Punishmentbandbobedienceborientation
d. Instrumentalbrelativistborientation
e. Socialbcontractblegalisticborientation
ANS:b C
Kohlberg’sbtheorybfocusesbprimarilybonbcognitivebprocesses.bHebdefinedbsixbstages,bofbwhichbp
unishmentbandbobedienceborientationbisbfirst.bThisbstagebisbfollowedbbybStageb2:binstrumentalbrel
ativistborientation,bStageb3:binterpersonalbconcordanceborientation,bStageb4:blawbandborderborie
ntation,bStageb5:bsocialbcontractblegalisticborientation,bandbStageb6:buniversalbethicalbprinciplebo
rientation.
DIF: Recall REF:bbbp.b17 OBJ:b 2
TOP:b 7.0bProfessionalbResponsibilityb|b7.1bEthicalbPrinciples,bincludingbinformedbconsent
9. WhichbofbthebfollowingbstagesbofbKohlberg’sbthree-
levelbmodelbofbmoralbdevelopmentbisbconsideredbtobbebconventionalbreasoning,binbwhichbe
xpectationsbofbfamilybandbgroupsbarebmaintainedbandbwherebloyaltybandbconformitybarebco
nsideredbimportant?
a. Lawbandborderborientation
b. Instrumentalbrelativistborientation
c. Socialbcontractblegalisticborientation
d. Universalbethicalbprincipleborientation
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