AES FINAL EXAM 2025 SPRING SEM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
Biodegradable - Waste which can be broken down & absorbed by the environment
municipal solid waste - Waste which cannot be broken down by biological processes
Leachate - Water which passed through compacted solid waste containing chemicals from the waste
conservation - To Reduce, Reuse & Recycle solid waste
Source reduction - We need to find ways to make use of materials we throw away. A way of
reclaiming useful materials from waste
compost - This is made from decomposed plant & animal matter & spread on gardens to enrich the
soil for plant growth
hazardous waste - Any waste which is a risk to the health of humans or other living things
Natural movements - Radioactive waste must sit for 1,000's of years for radioactivity to decrease to safe
levels. Scientist look for sites free of what?
Lack of drinking water - The United Nations says the #1 health issue facing developing countries
Toxicology - The study of harmful effects of substances on organisms
persistent chemical - A chemical which breaks down slowly in the environment like DDT
epidemiology - The study of wide spread disease
particulate - Most common natural pollutants like dust, soot, are particles carried by the air which are
small enough to breath into the lungs
Heavy metals - Mercury, aluminum, cadmium are a source of pollutants
mercury poisoning - The following symptoms are an indication of what?
By body feels like pins and needles on my hands, feet and around my lips.
I've been getting headaches, tremors, and muscle weakness,
visual and hearing impairment,
My walk has uncoordinated movements and his speech slurred
I was once active and attentive in school.
pathogens - Microscopic organisms which spread infectious diseases
vectors - Organisms which spread disease like mosquitoes, lice or rodents are any agent which carries and
transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
Cholera - What is the deadliest waterborne disease & comes from drinking water with human feces?
malaria - Which disease is caused by parasite using a mosquito as its host.
, emerging virus - Previously unknown virus
Nitrogen and Oxygen - What are the two major gases in our air?
oxygen - This is second most abundant gas on earth, which is basically produced by plants via
photosynthesis
troposphere - Atmosphere is divided into 4 layers. Which layer lies closest to the earth?
Stratosphere - This layer is 8 to 30 miles above the earth, temperature in this layer rises with elevation
due to ozone absorbing the sun's energy. Here ozone absorbs harmful radiation protecting earth. Which
layer is this?
Thermosphere - Lower part of thermosphere is called the ionosphere contains gases which absorb sun's
harmful radiation like x-rays and gamma rays and causes the auroras. This layer is called the?
radiation - The transfer of energy across space in the atmosphere
Conduction - The flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when placed in physical contact
seismic waves - How do we know about the earth's inner surface
Convection (convection currents) - This cycling of air like hot air rising & cold air sinking
air pollution - Clean air consists mainly of two gasses. These harmful substances can be solid, liquid or
gas. When they build up it is called?
primary pollutants - Pollutants put directly into the air by humans
Secondary pollutants - When primary pollutants come in contact with other primary pollutants, they
produce what?
Catalytic converter - Today's automobiles have a device, which changes harmful emissions like HC
(hydrocarbons) carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide into water, carbon dioxide & nitrogen. What is this device
called?
VOC'S - Some industries like dry cleaners, Chemical manufacturing plants, Furniture refinishers, &
Automobile repair shops produce toxins called?
smog - When air pollution hangs over a city it is a combination of sunlight, air & automobile exhaust &
ozone
Temp inversion - Circulation of air usually keeps pollution from reaching dangerous levels. Sometimes air is
trapped close to the earth surface by a condition called?
sick-building syndrome - Buildings with poor air quality has a condition which commonly occurs in warm
climates where buildings are tightly sealed. Identifying & removing sources of indoor pollutants provides
good air quality.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
Biodegradable - Waste which can be broken down & absorbed by the environment
municipal solid waste - Waste which cannot be broken down by biological processes
Leachate - Water which passed through compacted solid waste containing chemicals from the waste
conservation - To Reduce, Reuse & Recycle solid waste
Source reduction - We need to find ways to make use of materials we throw away. A way of
reclaiming useful materials from waste
compost - This is made from decomposed plant & animal matter & spread on gardens to enrich the
soil for plant growth
hazardous waste - Any waste which is a risk to the health of humans or other living things
Natural movements - Radioactive waste must sit for 1,000's of years for radioactivity to decrease to safe
levels. Scientist look for sites free of what?
Lack of drinking water - The United Nations says the #1 health issue facing developing countries
Toxicology - The study of harmful effects of substances on organisms
persistent chemical - A chemical which breaks down slowly in the environment like DDT
epidemiology - The study of wide spread disease
particulate - Most common natural pollutants like dust, soot, are particles carried by the air which are
small enough to breath into the lungs
Heavy metals - Mercury, aluminum, cadmium are a source of pollutants
mercury poisoning - The following symptoms are an indication of what?
By body feels like pins and needles on my hands, feet and around my lips.
I've been getting headaches, tremors, and muscle weakness,
visual and hearing impairment,
My walk has uncoordinated movements and his speech slurred
I was once active and attentive in school.
pathogens - Microscopic organisms which spread infectious diseases
vectors - Organisms which spread disease like mosquitoes, lice or rodents are any agent which carries and
transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
Cholera - What is the deadliest waterborne disease & comes from drinking water with human feces?
malaria - Which disease is caused by parasite using a mosquito as its host.
, emerging virus - Previously unknown virus
Nitrogen and Oxygen - What are the two major gases in our air?
oxygen - This is second most abundant gas on earth, which is basically produced by plants via
photosynthesis
troposphere - Atmosphere is divided into 4 layers. Which layer lies closest to the earth?
Stratosphere - This layer is 8 to 30 miles above the earth, temperature in this layer rises with elevation
due to ozone absorbing the sun's energy. Here ozone absorbs harmful radiation protecting earth. Which
layer is this?
Thermosphere - Lower part of thermosphere is called the ionosphere contains gases which absorb sun's
harmful radiation like x-rays and gamma rays and causes the auroras. This layer is called the?
radiation - The transfer of energy across space in the atmosphere
Conduction - The flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when placed in physical contact
seismic waves - How do we know about the earth's inner surface
Convection (convection currents) - This cycling of air like hot air rising & cold air sinking
air pollution - Clean air consists mainly of two gasses. These harmful substances can be solid, liquid or
gas. When they build up it is called?
primary pollutants - Pollutants put directly into the air by humans
Secondary pollutants - When primary pollutants come in contact with other primary pollutants, they
produce what?
Catalytic converter - Today's automobiles have a device, which changes harmful emissions like HC
(hydrocarbons) carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide into water, carbon dioxide & nitrogen. What is this device
called?
VOC'S - Some industries like dry cleaners, Chemical manufacturing plants, Furniture refinishers, &
Automobile repair shops produce toxins called?
smog - When air pollution hangs over a city it is a combination of sunlight, air & automobile exhaust &
ozone
Temp inversion - Circulation of air usually keeps pollution from reaching dangerous levels. Sometimes air is
trapped close to the earth surface by a condition called?
sick-building syndrome - Buildings with poor air quality has a condition which commonly occurs in warm
climates where buildings are tightly sealed. Identifying & removing sources of indoor pollutants provides
good air quality.
